摘要
摘要:生境特异性（habitat-specific）在维持生物多样性上发挥着重要作用。本研究旨在了解在区域景观中，不同类型生境对不同类群昆虫多样性的贡献及群落结构差异，从大尺度上探讨昆虫多样性分布格局和维持机制。于2019年8—9月，在西双版纳地区利用样线调查法，调查了保护区、次生林、人工林和农田4种生境中蝴蝶、蝽和甲虫的物种数、特有物种数，分析了昆虫群落的生境特异性指数、群落结构相似性及物种丰富度与生态因子的关系。共采集昆虫2588头，其中蝴蝶94种（744头），蝽197种（1094头），甲虫129种（750头），保护区的昆虫物种数和特有物种数均高于其余类型生境。保护区昆虫群落的生境特异性指数实测值高于期望值，而其余类型生境昆虫群落的生境特异性指数实测值均低于期望值；不同类型生境间，3个类群的昆虫群落汇总的生境特异性指数不存在显著差异（F_3，57=2.054），甲虫生境特异性指数差异显著（F_3，55=3.478），蝴蝶（F_3，38=1.504）和蝽类（F_3，53=1.153）生境特异性指数差异不显著。群落结构相似性分析显示，保护区和农田的3个类群昆虫群落汇总的群落结构差异显著；次生林和人工林的蝴蝶群落结构差异显著，保护区和次生林的蝽类群落结构差异显著，甲虫昆虫群落结构差异不显著。本研究还发现，只有生境类型对昆虫群落的物种丰富度产生的影响极显著（P < 0.01），而其他生态因子的影响不显著。在大尺度区域景观中，保护区对昆虫群落的多样性影响最大，生境类型与昆虫群落的物种丰富度密切相关，保护较好的天然林是维持区域昆虫群落分布格局和多样性的重要机制。
关键词:区域景观/
昆虫群落生境特异性/
昆虫多样性/
群落结构/
西双版纳
Abstract:Habitat-specific plays an important role in the maintenance of biodiversity. This study aimed to understand the influence of habitat type on the diversity of different insect groups and the differences in community structure across the regional landscape. This study also explored the distribution patterns and maintenance mechanisms of insect diversity on a large scale. From August to September 2019, the sample line survey method was used in the Xishuangbanna region to estimate the number of species and endemic species of butterflies, true bugs, and beetles in four different habitat types (reserve, secondary forest, artificial forest, and farmland) and to analyze the habitat specificity index of the insect communities, the community structure similarity, and the relationships between species richness and the ecological factors. A total of 2588 insects were collected, including 94 butterfly species (744 heads), 197 bug species (1094 heads), and 129 beetle species (750 heads). The number of insect species and endemic species in the reserve was higher than those in the other habitats, and the observed habitat specificity index of the insect community was higher than the expected value in the reserve. The observed habitat specificity index values for the other habitat types were lower than the expected values. There was no significant difference in the habitat specificity index of the insect communities in different habitat types (F_{3, 57}=2.054), but there was a significant difference in the habitat specificity index of beetles (F_{3, 55}=3.478). The habitat specificity index of butterflies (F_{3, 38}=1.504) and true bugs (F_{3, 53}=1.153) did not differ. Analysis of the community structure similarity showed that the insect community structure of the three groups significantly differed between the reserve and farmland. There was a significant difference in the community structure of butterflies between secondary forests and artificial forests (P=0.037), and there was a significant difference in the community structure of true bugs between the reserve and secondary forests (P=0.029). There was no difference in the insect community structure of beetles (P=0.507), and only habitat type had a significant effect on the species richness of the insect community. The other ecological factors did not have a significant effect. In large-scale regional landscapes, the reserve had the greatest impact on diversity, and the habitat types were closely related to the species richness of the insect communities. Well-protected natural forests are important for maintaining the distribution and diversity of insect communities in regional landscapes.
Key words:Regional landscape/
Insect community habitat-specific/
Insect diversity/
Community structure/
Xishuangbanna



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