摘要:为满足日益增长的粮食需求，丘陵地区的农业发展已受到越来越多的重视，而农业集约化生产是导致生物多样性丧失的主要原因之一。为了解地形区域、生产管理模式及边界树篱带对农田地表天敌多样性的影响，在我国华北典型农区，选取5种农田，包括丘陵地区的常规管理无植物篱玉米地（CM）、常规管理有植物篱玉米地（CMH）、有机管理无植物篱玉米地（OM）、有机管理有植物篱玉米地（OMH）和平原地区常规管理无植物篱玉米地（PCM），于2019年8—9月采用陷阱法展开蜘蛛多样性调查。结果表明：处于丘陵地区的玉米地蜘蛛的香农多样性和物种稀疏指数显著高于平原地区，有机管理下的玉米地蜘蛛物种稀疏指数显著高于常规管理下的玉米地，有植物篱的玉米地蜘蛛的物种稀疏指数高于无植物篱的玉米地；且丘陵与平原、有植物篱与无植物篱、有机和常规管理下蜘蛛群落结构显著不同。基于上述研究结果，研究建议农业发展和生物多样性保护应当加强区域土地利用规划和分区管理；丘陵地区因受人类干扰较小，维持了较平原地区更高的蜘蛛物种库，可以作为集约化农区生物多样性保护的热点区，农业发展应优先规划发展低集约化的生产模式（如有机农业等），并加强景观多样性建设。而平原地区也应合理保留农田半自然边界带和降低集约化管理强度以推动生态环境改善和绿色发展。
关键词:丘陵/
平原/
常规农田/
有机农业/
植物篱
Abstract:The growing demand for food has led to increased focus on agricultural development in hilly areas. However, intensive agriculture may be one of the main reasons for biodiversity loss in the landscape. To better understand the effects of production management practices and boundary hedges on ground-dwelling spider biodiversity in different topographic areas, this study was conducted at five different farmlands in a typical agricultural area of North China. In the hilly area, conventional maize fields with and without a plant hedge (CMH/CM) and organic maize fields with or without a plant hedge (OMH/OM) were sampled for spiders. Conventional maize fields without a plant hedge were also sampled in the plain area (PCM). Spiders were sampled using pitfall traps from August to September 2019. The results showed that the Shannon diversity and rarefied species diversity of spiders in the maize fields were significantly higher in the hilly area than in the plain area; and organically managed maize fields had significantly higher spider rarefied species diversity than conventional maize fields. Furthermore, the spider rarefied species diversity was significantly higher in maize fields with hedges than without hedges. The species composition of the spider assemblages significantly differed between the farmlands with organic and conventional management, between the farmlands in the hills and plains, and between the farmlands with and without hedges. Based on these results, we recommend that regional land use planning and zoning management strategies be applied to improve agricultural production development and conserve biodiversity. The hilly region experiences less human disturbance and has greater diversity; thus, it may represent a hotspot for biodiversity conservation in an intensive agriculture region that could be promoted by developing extensive agriculture (such as organic agriculture) and more diverse landscapes with hedgerows. In the plain area, the semi-natural boundary should be reserved, and the agricultural production intensity should be reduced to improve the environment and promote green development.
Key words:Hilly area/
Plain area/
Conventional croplands/
Organic agriculture/
Hedgerow
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