摘要:复种是提高土地利用率及保证区域粮食安全的重要措施之一，宁夏引黄灌区近年来农业区域气候资源变化趋向利于多熟制，研究筛选春小麦复种蔬菜的适宜种类成为区域农作制度发展的必然。本试验选择灌区具有生产潜力的17种蔬菜与春小麦复种，运用层次分析方法（AHP），设3个2级指标，12个3级指标，通过对各模式相应评价指标测定及分析，筛选适于灌区的麦后复种蔬菜的两熟制模式。结果表明：近10年来，灌区年≥10℃积温3407.9℃，降水量206.4 mm，无霜期208.4 d，蒸发量1619.3 mm。主要气候因子理论上可以满足麦后复种叶菜类和根菜类蔬菜，但与理论生产潜力相比较，实际产量的提升空间较大；麦后复种果菜类的气候资源不足。17种蔬菜中，春小麦复种的白萝卜、满堂红萝卜、娃娃菜、黄瓜（‘626’）4种蔬菜资源利用效率较高；春小麦复种的胡萝卜、白萝卜、芹菜、西红柿（‘丰收128’）4种蔬菜提升地力效果较好；春小麦复种娃娃菜、白萝卜、满堂红萝卜、小辣椒（‘娇龙7号’）4种蔬菜经济效益较高。综合评价，得出适宜宁夏引黄灌区春小麦后复种的8种蔬菜为：娃娃菜、白萝卜、满堂红萝卜、辣椒（‘娇龙7号’）、辣椒（‘洋大帅’）、苦苣、芹菜和西葫芦，分别比综合效益最低的小麦-苤蓝种植模式高143.0%、121.5%、77.7%、46.3%、43.0%、35.5%、33.1%和33.0%，可大面积推广。
关键词:春小麦/
蔬菜/
复种/
宁夏引黄灌区
Abstract:Multiple cropping is important for improving land use and ensuring regional food security. Climate change in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area in recent years favors a multiple-cropping system. Thus, a hierarchical analysis (AHP) with three secondary indicators and twelve three-level indicators was used to determine the vegetable crops that could be planted after spring wheat harvest based on the climate. By doing so, a double-cropping system could be implemented in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area. In the irrigation area over the past ten years, the annual accumulated temperature ≥ 10 ℃ was 3407.9 ℃, the annual precipitation was 206.4 mm, and the annual evaporation was 1619.3 mm. These climatic conditions are sufficient for leaf and root vegetables cropping after spring wheat harvest. Compared with the theoretical production potential, the actual yield had room for improvement; the conditions were insufficient for fruit vegetable crops after spring wheat harvest. Among 17 vegetable species (varieties) planted after spring wheat, four had higher use efficiency (turnip, mantanghong, baby cabbage, and cucumber), four improved soil fertility (carrot, turnip, celery, and tomato), and four had higher economic benefits [baby cabbage, turnip, mantanghong, and pepper (Jiaolong 7)]. AHP evaluation showed that eight vegetables were suitable for planting after spring wheat harvest based on their comprehensive benefits: baby cabbage, turnip (white turnip), turnip (mantanghong), pepper (Jiaolong 7), pepper (Yangdashuai), endive, celery, and squash (33.0%); they had 143.0%, 121.5%, 77.7%, 46.3%, 43.0%, 35.5%, 33.1% and 33.0% higher comprehensive benefits than kohlrabi. These eight vegetables can be widely cultivated across the area.
Key words:Spring wheat/
Vegetable/
Multiple cropping/
Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area
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