摘要:茶园化肥减施技术是改善茶园土壤环境、降低茶区地表水体富营养化的主要措施之一，有助于茶园生态环境的改善。利用云南省西双版纳自治州勐海县勐邦库区曼真村2018年3—9月大田试验数据及勐海县勐邦库区2011—2016年气象水文资料，基于SWAT模型建立区域尺度茶园化肥减施模型，构建环境效益评价体系（土壤肥力指标、水环境指标和经济效益指标），采用模糊综合评价法定量计算茶园不同施肥方式（常规化肥、70%化肥+有机肥配施、70%化肥+缓释肥配施、70%化肥+土壤改良剂配施）的环境综合效益指数，系统研究勐海茶园化肥减施增效配比方案。结果表明：1）勐邦库区流域月尺度径流与水质的模拟和实测结果趋势相同，决定系数R2=0.895，纳什系数Ens=0.837，模型拟合度高；2）综合效益权重计算结果表明，水环境指标（0.412）>土壤肥力指标（0.317）>经济效益指标（0.271），水环境对综合效益存在显著影响；3）勐海茶园最优的化肥减施配比方案为70%化肥+缓释肥配施，其土壤肥力效益指数为0.96，水环境效益指数为0.97，经济效益指数为0.99，综合效益评价指数为0.97。综上，70%化肥+缓释肥配施能有效降低茶园地表水体富营养化产生的风险，同时能够提高茶园土壤肥力而不影响茶园的经济效益。因此，配施缓释肥是现阶段较为适合勐海茶园的环境友好型施肥技术。
关键词:勐海/
区域尺度/
SWAT模型/
茶园/
化肥减施/
环境效应评价
Abstract:Optimizing fertilizer use is one of the main ways to improve soil fertility and reduce the eutrophication of surface water in tea plantations, simultaneously. This approach will play an important role in improving the ecological environment of tea plantations. The study used field data, collected from March to September 2018, and meteorological and hydrological data from 2011 to 2016 in the Mengbang Reservoir Area, Menghai County, Yunnan Province, China, to build a regional model aimed at reducing fertilizer use in a tea plantation based on the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model. Four different fertilizer application methods were examined (conventional chemical fertilizer and three combined application methods: 70% chemical fertilizer + organic fertilizer, 70% chemical fertilizer + slow-release fertilizer, and 70% chemical fertilizer + soil modifier). Their effect was calculated using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to systematically study the optimal application of chemical fertilizers in a Menghai tea plantation. The results showed that: 1) the simulation and observed results of monthly runoff and water quality in the Mengbang Reservoir Area had the same trends (R2 = 0.895, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency = 0.837), and the model fitted well. 2) In terms of overall benefit, the water environment index (0.412) contributed more than the soil fertility index (0.317) and the economic benefit index (0.271). 3) The optimal chemical fertilizer application for tea plantations in Menghai County was the 70% chemical fertilizer + slow-release fertilizer combination. Its soil fertility benefit index, water environment benefit index, economic benefit index, and comprehensive benefit evaluation index scores were 0.96, 0.97, 0.99, and 0.97, respectively. In summary, a combined application of 70% chemical fertilizer + slow-release fertilizer can effectively reduce the risk of eutrophication of surface water in tea plantations and improve the soil fertility, without affecting the economic benefits.
Key words:Menghai/
Regional scale/
SWAT model/
Tea garden/
Fertilizer reduction/
Environmental effect evaluation
?Equivalent authors
注释:
1) ?共同第一作者
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