摘要:本文从图斑尺度探究福建省1990—2015年耕地变化的空间格局，除探讨耕地数量变化的空间特征外，重点挖掘耕地变化图斑个体空间属性特征和环境特征，旨在全面反映耕地变化情况，为政府进一步加强耕地保护提供建议。基于土地利用数据和DEM数据，运用数理统计和空间分析等方法，本文从耕地变化整体数量特征、耕地图斑变化属性特征和不同环境下耕地图斑变化特征3个方面开展研究。结果表明：1)2015年福建省耕地面积较1990年减少7.12%。从耕地净变化率空间分布看，耕地净流失区域不断扩大，但流失强度明显下降。25年来全省耕地转移动态度显著下降，反映耕地资源的稳定性提高；耕地转移动态度在空间上呈现东高西低的特点。2)1990—2015年福建省耕地变化图斑的分布方向一致，占用耕地图斑主要集中在东部沿海，而补充耕地图斑空间位置有所变化，逐步转移到东北和东南地区。占用和补充耕地图斑数量上趋于平衡，面积上存在“占大补小”的问题，形状上补充耕地图斑更规则。3)1990—2015年福建省耕地资源呈现出“上山” “上坡” “背阳” “远水”和“相对集中”的趋势。综上，福建省要继续遏制东部沿海地区的耕地流失，提高单块补充耕地的面积，并采取有效措施对海拔较低、坡度较低、向阳和灌溉条件较好的优质耕地进行保护。
Abstract:In order to provide references and arguments for changes in cultivated land quality and yield, and to provide suggestions for the government to further strengthen cultivated land protection, this study examined the spatial patterns of cultivated land change in Fujian Province from 1990 to 2015, at the patch level. In addition to exploring the spatial characteristics of change in cultivated land quantity, this study further explored spatial attribute and environmental characteristics of cultivated land change map spots, aiming to comprehensively describe the changes of cultivated land. This research considered three aspects: the change characteristics of cultivated land quantity, the spatial attribute characteristics of cultivated land change map spots, and the environmental characteristics of cultivated land change map spots. Based on the DEM data and land use data of Fujian Province from 1990 to 2015, mathematical statistical analysis and spatial methods were employed to draw the following conclusions: 1) the area of cultivated land in Fujian Province decreased by 7.12% from 1990 to 2015. In terms of the spatial distribution of net change rate, the number of districts in which cultivated land was at a net loss state in Fujian Province increased during the period of 1990-2015, while the intensity of loss decreased significantly. In addition, from 1990 to 2015, the dynamic degree of cultivated land transfer had been a significant decline, which was reflected in the improvement of the stability of cultivated land resources in Fujian Province. Furthermore, high spots of dynamic degree of cultivated land transfer were distributed in the east, and low spots were distributed in the west. 2) The distribution direction of the occupied and supplemented cultivated land change patches in Fujian Province remained the same during the period of 1990-2015. The occupied cultivated land patches were mainly concentrated in the eastern coastal areas, while the position of the supplementary cultivated land patches changed significantly, gradually shifting to the northeast and southeast regions of Fujian Province. During the period of 1990-2015, the number of occupied and supplemented cultivated land patches in Fujian Province became more balanced. The area of supplementary cultivated land patches was smaller than that of occupied cultivated land patches, while the shape of supplementary cultivated land patches was more regular than that of occupied cultivated land patches. 3) The cultivated land resources in Fujian Province showed trends of "elevation rising" "slope rising" "shifting to shady slope" "away from water" and "relatively concentrated", during the period of 1990-2015. In summary, the protection of cultivated land in Fujian Province still needs to be strengthened. First of all, the government should further restrict the loss of cultivated land in the eastern part of Fujian Province. Secondly, if conditions permit, the area of each supplementary cultivated land should be increased as much as possible. Finally, the government should take effective measures to protect high-quality cultivated land with lower elevation, lower slope, and better light and irrigation conditions.
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