摘要:气候变暖对我国乃至世界小麦育种和生产有很大影响。为了研究我国不同生态麦区小麦品种（系）农艺性状适应气候变化调控机理，本研究以黄淮冬麦区北片和南片及长江中下游冬麦区的20个当前大面积推的小麦品种、新审定品种和新选育品系为试验材料，在黄淮冬麦区北片河北省石家庄市种植，在返青期前对其抗旱抗冻性、根冠比和叶片干重与鲜重比进行调查；收获后对株高、穗长、穗下节间长、分蘖数、小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、单株生物量、单株粒重、经济系数等10个农艺性状进行了考种和相关、聚类和主成分分析。结果表明，不同麦区小麦品种（系）苗期的抗旱抗冻性为黄淮冬麦区北片>黄淮冬麦区南片>长江中下游冬麦区。三大生态麦区的单株粒重与分蘖数、穗粒数、单株生物量、经济系数均呈极显著正相关，黄淮冬麦区南片和长江中下游冬麦区呈显著和极显著的农艺性状相对较多，说明这两个生态麦区的品种有很大的相似性；但不同生态麦区其他农艺性状正负相关各有一定差异。在欧氏距离20处，20个小麦品种（系）被聚类为长江中下游冬麦区和黄淮冬麦区南片品种（系）（第Ⅰ类）及黄淮冬麦区北片品种（系）（第Ⅱ类）两个大的生态型；在欧氏距离6处，Ⅰ类又分为分别以‘百农207’‘济麦22’和‘西农979’为代表的3个亚类，Ⅱ类是以‘长旱58’为代表。产量、穗长、株高和经济系数4个主成分因子对10个农艺性状表现型变异累计贡献率为76.39%。‘济麦22’等黄淮冬麦区北片的品种（系）综合得分在前20株中占95%。以上研究结果为小麦适应气候变暖育种和引种示范推广提供了重要参考信息。
关键词:小麦品种(系)/
黄淮/
长江中下游/
冬麦区/
农艺性状/
聚类分析
Abstract:Climate warming is having a great impact on wheat breeding and production in China and worldwide. To study the regulation mechanisms of the agronomic characteristics of wheat varieties (lines) adapting to climate change in different ecological wheat areas in China, this study selected 20 materials of wheat from the north and south of the Huanghuai winter wheat areas and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River winter wheat area, including good varieties with currently large distributions, new approved varieties, and new breeding lines. The experiment was conducted in Shijiazhuang City of Hebei Province, which is located to the north of the Huanghuai winter wheat area. The drought and cold resistance, root-shoot ratio, and dry leaf weight ratio were investigated before the reviving stage. After harvest, the yield and ten agronomic characteristics, including plant height, spike length, internode length under the spike, tillers number, spikelets number, grains number per spike, 1000-grain weight, biomass per plant, grains weight per plant, and economic index were tested, after which correlation, clustering, and principal component analyses were carried out. The results showed that the drought and cold resistance of different wheat varieties (lines) at the seedling stage was in the order of the north of Huanghuai winter wheat area > the south of Huanghuai winter wheat area > the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River winter wheat area. There were extremely significant positive correlations between grains weight per plant and tillers number, grains number per spike, biomass per plant, and economic index in three ecological wheat areas. There were more agronomic characteristics with significant and extremely significant positive correlations in the south of the Huanghuai winter wheat area and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River winter wheat area, indicating that the varieties from these two ecological wheat areas had great similarities. However, there were some differences in the positive and negative correlations among other agronomic traits in different ecology wheat areas. The 20 wheat varieties (lines) were divided into two ecotypes at a Euclidean distance of 20. Varieties (lines) from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River winter wheat area and the south of the Huanghuai winter wheat area were in the type Ⅰ, and those from the north of the Huanghuai winter wheat area in the type Ⅱ. The type Ⅰ was further divided into three sub-classes at a Euclidean distance of 6, which were represented by 'Bainong 207' 'Jimai 22' and 'Xinong 979', respectively. The type Ⅱ was represented by 'Changhan 58'. There were four principal components, yield, spike length, plant height, and economic index, which contributed to over 76.39% of the performance variation of the ten agronomic traits. 'Jimai 22' and other varieties (lines) from the north of the Huanghuai winter wheat area accounted for 95% of the varieties (lines) whose comprehensive scores were ranked in the top 20 varieties (lines). These results provide important reference information for wheat breeding and adaptions to climate warming.
Key words:Wheat varieties (lines)/
Huanghuai/
Middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River/
Winter wheat area/
Agronomic traits/
Clustering analysis
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