摘要:本研究旨在探讨肉鸭粪便的特性，并对其不同季节的污染物排放特征进行评价，为肉鸭养殖场废弃物处理和资源化利用提供依据。分4个季节进行了北京Z型肉鸭饲养试验（饲养期37 d），记录采食量、产粪量，并定期测定饲料和粪便中水分和有机质含量及总氮（TN）、P、Cu、Zn含量。结果表明：肉鸭粪便中Zn含量秋季最高，TN、P、Cu含量均为冬季最高；冬季粪便中TN含量极显著高于夏、秋两季（P < 0.01）；P、Cu含量在冬季均极显著高于其余季节（P < 0.01）；粪便中Cu、Zn含量均为春季最低。肉鸭粪便平均含水率为84.61%，夏季最高，春季最低；平均有机质含量为83.38%，表现为冬>春>秋>夏。春夏秋冬四季的粪便产生量分别为338.3 g·d-1·只-1、275.9 g·d-1·只-1、317.6 g·d-1·只-1和327.0 g·d-1·只-1，夏季最低。TN、P、Cu、Zn的排泄系数分别为2.13 g·d-1·只-1、2.48 g·d-1·只-1、2.56 mg·d-1·只-1、21.10 mg·d-1·只-1；春冬两季的TN日排泄量显著高于夏秋两季；P的日排泄量表现为冬季极显著高于其余3个季节；夏季Cu的日排泄量与春季差异不显著，极显著低于秋、冬两季（P < 0.01）。TN在秋季排泄占比最低，春季最高；而P排泄占比为秋季最高，春季最低。肉鸭在饲养期TN、P、Cu、Zn的排泄量与对应元素的摄入量具有极显著的正相关关系（P < 0.01）。研究表明：季节因素能对肉鸭粪便中含水率、有机质、TN、P、Cu和Zn含量产生显著影响，同时各季节各元素的排泄量与相应元素的摄入量显著相关。
关键词:肉鸭/
粪便/
排放特征/
季节性变化
Abstract:This study aimed to explore the characteristics of the manure of meat duck, and to assess its characteristics of pollutant emission in different seasons, so as to provide a basis for waste disposal and resource utilization of meat duck farms. Feeding experiments were conducted in 4 seasons and 100 Pekin type Z meat ducks were raised in each season for 37 days. Their food intake and manure production were recorded daily, and the relevant components in the feed and manure were measured regularly. Results showed that the Zn content in duck manure was the highest in autumn, whereas TN, P, and Cu contents were the highest in winter. In winter, TN content in manure was significantly higher than that in summer and autumn. P and Cu contents in winter were significantly higher than that in all other seasons. Cu and Zn contents in manure were the lowest in spring. Average moisture content of duck manure was 84.61%, being the highest in summer and lowest in spring. Average content of organic matter was 83.38%, and the seasons ranked winter > spring > autumn > summer. Manure productions were 338.3 g·d-1·head-1, 275.9 g·d-1·head-1, 317.6 g·d-1·head-1, and 327.0 g·d-1·head-1 in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. Excretion coefficients of TN, P, Cu, and Zn were 2.13 g·d-1·head-1, 2.48 g·d-1·head-1, 2.56 mg·d-1·head-1, and 21.10 mg·d-1·head-1, respectively. Daily excretion of TN in spring and winter was significantly higher than that in summer and autumn, daily excretion of P was significantly higher in winter than in the other seasons, and daily excretion of Cu in summer was not significantly different from that in spring but significantly lower than that in autumn and winter. TN excretion accounted for the lowest proportion in autumn and the highest in spring, whereas P excretion accounted for the highest proportion in autumn and the lowest in spring. There was a highly significant positive correlation between the excretion of TN, P, Cu, and Zn and the intake of the corresponding elements. This research showed that seasonal (dietary) factors can significantly affect moisture content, organic matter, TN, P, Cu, and Zn contents in the manure of meat duck. There were significant differences in feed intake, manure production, and TN, P, Cu, and Zn excretion among the seasons, and the excretion of each element in each season was significantly correlated with the intake of the corresponding element.
Key words:Meat duck/
Manure/
Production characteristics/
Seasonal variation
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