摘要:江淮区域稻麦周年两熟种植模式自然资源分配与利用特征尚不明确，限制了该区作物周年高产高效协同发展。本研究通过对江淮区域不同地区多年多点水稻-小麦种植模式高产试验数据分析，明确两熟制季节间资源分配特征、资源利用效率及其与产量的关系。结果表明：2008-2017年小麦季和周年辐射均呈降低趋势，水稻季沿淮和江淮地区呈增加趋势，沿江地区呈降低趋势；小麦季积温呈增加趋势、水稻季大部分呈降低趋势，周年沿淮地区呈增加趋势，江淮和沿江地区呈降低趋势；降雨小麦季、水稻季和周年总体呈增加趋势。江淮地区周年辐射量从北向南逐渐减少，不同种植模式间无显著差异；小麦季、水稻季辐射分配率粳稻-小麦模式分别为53.1%、51.9%，籼稻-小麦模式分别为55.0%、49.8%。江淮地区从北向南累积积温和降雨量逐渐增加，不同种植模式间无显著差异；小麦季、水稻季积温分配率粳稻-小麦模式为38.5%、67.3%，籼稻-小麦模式为40.7%、65.1%；小麦季、水稻季降雨分配率在2种模式间无显著差异，而不同地区间差异显著，沿淮地区为32.8%、70.5%，江淮地区为40.8%、64.7%，沿江地区为46.2%、57.2%。当前生产模式下，江淮区域稻麦两熟种植模式以水稻产量所占比重最高，平均为57.0%。小麦季积温生产效率沿淮地区显著高于江淮地区和沿江地区，不同种植模式间差异较小；水稻季积温生产效率不同地区不同模式间差异较小；周年积温生产效率不同地区间差异显著，且沿淮地区>江淮地区>沿江地区，不同种植模式间差异不显著。区域间作物光能生产效率差异较小，小麦季、水稻季和周年均无显著差异。不同地区降雨生产效率变异较大，小麦季、水稻季和周年均以沿淮地区大于江淮地区，显著高于沿江地区；不同种植模式间无显著差异。因此，江淮区域稻麦周年两熟资源高效利用原则应以合理配置季节间辐射为主，兼顾降雨和积温。不同地区应结合气候资源配置特点，通过合理的播栽期、周年生育期适宜的品种搭配等栽培措施将部分光热资源调配给水稻，实现产量和资源利用效率双提升。
关键词:江淮区域/
稻麦周年两熟/
种植模式/
资源配置特征/
分配率/
资源利用效率
Abstract:Rice-wheat double cropping system is the main cropping pattern in the Jianghuai Area. The characteristics of natural resource allocation and utilization and their relationship with yield are still unclear. It is necessary to establish a quantitative evaluation index system for the systematic guidance of the double cropping system. In this study, resources distribution between two seasons, resources utilization efficiencies, and yield of rice-wheat double cropping system in three regions of the Jianghuai Area:along Huaihe River region (AHR), Jianghuai region (JH), and along Yangtze River region (AYR), were quantitatively analyzed using the large database created from high yield field experiments during 2008-2017. The results were as follows:radiation during wheat season and per year decreased in the region, while in the rice season radiation increased in AHR and JH but decreased in AYR. The accumulated temperature increased in wheat season and decreased in rice season, and the annual accumulated temperature increased in AHR and decreased in JH and AYR. Precipitation during wheat season, rice season, and per year increased. The annual radiation in the Jianghuai area increased from the north to the south with no significant difference between japonica rice-wheat system and indica rice-wheat system. The radiation distribution rate of wheat season and rice season were 53.1% and 51.9%, respectively, for the japonica rice-wheat double cropping system, and 55.0% and 49.8%, respectively, for the indica rice-wheat double cropping system. The cumulative accumulated temperature and precipitation gradually increased from the north to the south of Jianghuai area, with no significant difference between two systems, but there were significant differences between different regions. The distribution rate of accumulated temperature in wheat and rice season were 38.5% and 67.3%, respectively, for the japonica rice-wheat, and were 40.7%, 65.1%, respectively for the indica rice-wheat double cropping system. The accumulated precipitation distribution rate of wheat season and rice season were 32.8% and 70.5%, respectively, for the AHR region; 40.8% and 64.7% respectively, for the JH region; and 46.2%, 57.2%, respectively, for the AYR region. Under the current production pattern, rice production had the highest yield proportion of the wheat-rice double cropping system, with an average of 57.0%. The temperature production efficiency in wheat season was higher in AHR than in JH and AYR; during rice season this did not change greatly between the two systems and among the three regions. The annual temperature production efficiency order for the three regions was:AHR > JH > AYR. Radiation use efficiency of crops was not different for different seasons. The rain production efficiency in wheat and rice seasons and per year was significantly lower in AYR than both in AHR and JH. Rice production in the JH region was mainly affected by radiation, and wheat production was mainly affected by rainfall, which limited further increase in crop yield potential. Climate change effects tended to be unfavorable to the evolution of climate resources in the future. When compared with wheat, rice had higher efficient utilization of radiation resources, which was important for improving yield and the resource use efficiency of rice-wheat double cropping system in the JH region. Based on the analysis, we put forward the principle of annual high efficiency utilization, because radiation was the main factor between the two wheat-rice double cropping system, when considering rainfall and growth degree-days. Cultivation measures such as sowing date adjustment and annual cultivars combination can allocate more resources to rice season, thus improving the yield and resource utilization efficiency.
Key words:Jianghuai Area/
Rice-wheat double cropping/
Cropping system/
Resources distribution characteristic/
Distribution rate/
Resources use efficiency
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