摘要:采用灰色多维综合评估方法，对2005-2014年长江流域棉区、黄河流域棉区和西北内陆棉区国家级棉花品种区域试验早熟、中熟和早中熟类型棉花品种纤维品质性状进行分析，为建立棉花优势生产区，实现棉花品种布局、生态育种和品质改良提供指导。本研究结果表明：1）达到国家审定标准高产优质（Ⅰ型）、普通优质（Ⅱ型）品种数量，中熟品种分别占其参试品种总数的0.54%和12.63%，早中熟品种为0.57%和17.14%，早熟品种为7.09%和18.44%。2）棉花品种纤维长度和比强度与理想品种性状灰色关联系数较高，其次是纺纱均匀性指数，再次为马克隆值。3）灰色关联度分析表明，黄河流域棉区中熟棉纤维品质优于长江流域棉区；西北内陆棉区早熟棉品质综合性状表现最佳，其次是黄河流域和长江流域棉区中熟棉。4）我国棉花品种中熟类型主要分布在长江流域和黄河流域，近5年西北内陆棉区中熟品种有所增加。中熟品种纤维长度分布在28.7~30.3 mm，可适纺中高档纱。黄河流域棉区中熟品种长度和比强度有所下降，比强度为29.6~31.0 cN·tex-1，属中等偏上水平。三大棉区马克隆值差异明显，长江流域棉区高于黄河流域棉区，而黄河流域棉区中熟品种又高于西北内陆棉区早中熟品种；黄河流域棉区马克隆值在2010-2014年提高幅度较大，出现马克隆值6.0现象。5）研究表明≥ 10℃有效积温是影响棉花中熟品种纤维品质最主要因素，气象因子影响纤维长度和马克隆值顺序为≥ 10℃有效积温、降雨量和日照时数；影响比强度和纺纱均匀性指数的顺序为≥ 10℃有效积温、日照时数和降雨量。棉花纤维品质的优劣与纺织品质量及植棉业的发展密切相关，精确分析我国棉花纤维品质的区域特征分布规律和开展纤维品质综合性评价，对我国棉花育种方向和产业发展具有重要意义。
关键词:棉花/
熟性类型/
纤维品质/
灰色多维综合评估/
三大棉区
Abstract:Fiber quality traits of different maturity cotton varieties were analyzed with Grey Multidimensional Comprehensive Assessment (GMCA). Data sets were collected from the cotton national regional trials from 2005 to 2014, including early-maturing, early-medium maturing, and medium maturing variety trials, in three cotton areas of China-the Northwest Inland Valley (NWIV), the Yellow River Valley (YeRV), and the Yangtze River Valley (YaRV). It is of great significance for establishing dominant cotton production areas and ascertains the distribution, ecological breeding, and quality improvement methods for all cotton varieties. Results showed that:1) there were 0.54% and 12.63% of all candidate varieties of medium maturity cotton divided into the high yield and good quality (type Ⅰ) and common quality (type Ⅱ) according to the national cotton fiber quality standards, respectively. The proportions of early-maturing cotton were 7.09% and 18.44%, and proportions of early-medium maturing cotton were 0.57% and 17.14%, respectively. 2) Fiber length and strength of the tested varieties was higher in grey correlation coefficient with those of ideal varieties characters, followed by spinning consistency index, again for micronaire. 3) By comparing fiber quality to ideal trait via grey relational analysis, we found that the fiber quality of medium maturing varieties in the YeRV were better than those of medium maturing varieties in the YaRV. The comprehensive characteristics of fiber quality of early-maturing cotton were the best in the NWIV, and followed by the medium maturing cotton in the YeRV and YaRV. 4) Medium-maturing varieties were mainly distributed in the YeRV and YaRV in China, though medium maturing cotton varieties had increased in the NWIV over the past 5 years. Overall, the range of fiber length for medium maturing varieties was 28.7-30.3 mm, which reached standards for high quality yarn. In recent years, there had been a downward trend on fiber length and strength of cotton varieties in the YeRV, with a strength range of 29.6-31.0 cN·tex-1, at medium to upper level. Micronaire in three cotton areas with different maturity types exhibited significant difference; the micronaire of the YaRV was higher than that of the YeRV, and that of YeRV from medium maturing varieties was higher than that of the NWIV for early-medium maturing varieties. The micronaire in the YeRV had greatly improved from 2010 to 2014, where more than 6.0 micronaire had been observed. 5) This study showed that the accumulated temperature of above 10℃ was the primary factor affecting fiber quality of conventional and hybrid cotton of medium-maturing varieties. The order of meteorological factors affecting cotton fiber length and micronaire was accumulated temperature above 10℃, rainfall, and sunshine hours; however, that impacting strength and spinning consistency index was accumulate temperature above 10℃, sunshine hours, and rainfall.
Key words:Cotton (Gossypium spp.)/
Maturing type/
Fiber quality/
Grey multidimensional comprehensive assessment/
Three major cotton areas
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