摘要:为精确分析中国棉花纤维品质的区域特征、分布规律及综合性评价，以2005-2014年国家棉花品种区域试验531个参试品种纤维品质数据为材料，运用作物育种同异性分析理论对杂交棉和常规棉品种的纤维品质进行综合评价。结果表明：1）常规棉品种纤维品质符合审定标准Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型的品种数分别占参试常规棉品种数的1.58%、28.42%和14.74%，杂交棉纤维品质符合审定标准Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型的品种分别占参试杂交棉品种数的0.59%、19.94%和10.56%。黄河流域常规棉品种、杂交棉品种纤维品质综合同一度分别为0.869 3和0.888 8，长江流域杂交棉纤维品质综合同一度为0.864 3，西北内陆棉区常规棉纤维品质综合同一度为0.890 5。2）不同棉区常规棉与杂交棉纤维品质性状比较表明，西北内陆棉区常规棉品种纤维品质性状优于黄河流域杂交棉；而黄河流域杂交棉又优于黄河流域常规棉和长江流域杂交棉，黄河流域常规棉与长江流域杂交棉纤维品质性状差异不显著。可见，黄河流域棉区适宜种植推广中长绒、高比强和高马克隆值的常规棉品种；长江流域棉区适宜种植中长绒、高比强度和高马克隆值的杂交棉品种；西北内陆棉区适合种植长强细的优质常规棉品种，可作为棉纺工业纺中高支纱的优质棉生产基地。本研究对优化我国优质棉区域布局和种植结构调整有重要参考价值。
关键词:棉花(Gossypium hirsutum L.)/
纤维品质/
杂交棉/
常规棉/
综合评价/
区域特征
Abstract:For an accurate analysis of the regional distribution characteristics, the fiber quality traits of 531 candidate varieties in national cotton regional trials in China between 2005 and 2014 were analyzed to achieve comprehensive evaluation of hybrid and conventional cotton varieties by using similarity-difference analyses method in crop-breeding fields. The results showed that:1) conventional cotton varieties with fiber quality qualified as type Ⅰ, type Ⅱ, and type Ⅲ accounted for the total conventional varieties of 1.58%, 28.42%, and 14.74%, whereas the proportions of type Ⅰ, type Ⅱ, and type Ⅲ for hybrid cotton were 0.59%, 19.94%, and 10.56%, respectively. The identical degree of the conventional and hybrid cotton cultivars in the Yellow River Valley (YeRV) was estimated to be 0.869 3 and 0.888 8, the identical degree of hybrid cotton in the Yangtze River Valley (YaRV) was 0.864 3, and that of cotton varieties in the Northwest Inland (NWI) was 0.890 5. 2) The fiber quality of conventional cotton in the NWI was better than that of hybrid cotton in the YeRV, and the fiber quality of the latter was better than that of conventional cultivars in the YeRV and hybrid cotton in the YaRV. There were no significant differences in conventional cultivars in the YeRV and hybrid cotton in the YaRV. The YaRV is suitable cotton planting area for medium-long length and high-strength of fiber, and high-micronaire hybrid cotton varieties. The NWI is suitable for planting high-quality conventional cotton varieties with long and fine quality as cotton spinning high yarn industry base. In brief, the fiber quality traits of conventional cotton in the NWI were proven to have the most potential, which can be an important reference value to optimize high-quality cotton regional layout and to adjust the planting structure in China.
Key words:Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)/
Fiber quality/
Hybrid cotton/
Conventional cotton/
Comprehensive evaluation/
Regional characteristics
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