摘要:稻蟹共作是一种新型的稻田生态种养殖技术，对推动生态农业发展具有重要意义。目前对稻田蜘蛛的研究仅限于常规稻田，而关于稻蟹共作系统蜘蛛方面的研究尚少见报道。本试验旨在研究稻蟹共作田与常规稻田中蜘蛛群落的组成及多样性特点，探索稻蟹共作田蜘蛛的发生特点，为进一步研究稻蟹共作系统生物多样性特征奠定基础。试验采用吸虫器抽吸法，系统调查了盘锦稻蟹共作田和常规稻田蜘蛛物种组成，并分析了蜘蛛群落多样性特点。结果表明：这两类稻田共调查11科31种蜘蛛，狼蛛科（Lycosidae）、皿蛛科（Linyphiidae）和园蛛科（Araneidae）数量最多，占总蛛数70%；稻蟹共作田蜘蛛个体数量显著高于常规稻田。2类稻田蜘蛛优势种均为草间钻头蛛（Hylyphantes graminicola）和拟水狼蛛（Pirata subpiraticus）。多样性指数表明，6月初蜘蛛Shannon-Wiener多样性指数最低，8-9月蜘蛛群落最高；而均匀度指数、丰富度指数总体与其呈正相关，优势度指数与其呈负相关；2类稻田蜘蛛群落多样性特点基本一致。研究结果表明稻蟹共作田和常规稻田蜘蛛种类和多样性特点没有显著差异，但蜘蛛个体数量有显著差异，即稻蟹共作田蜘蛛个体数量显著高于常规稻田。
关键词:稻蟹共作/
常规稻田/
蜘蛛/
群落/
多样性指数
Abstract:Rice-crab co-culture (RC) is a new eco-agricultural process in paddy cultivation and breeding models. It has been significantly promoted in the development of eco-agricultural programs. Recent studies, which concern the RC system, mainly focus on the effects of multiple factors on crab or rice production. However, studies on the community of natural enemies in RC ecosystems are still rare. The goal of this study was to determine the regulation of occurrence, composition, and diversity of spider communities in crab paddies and conventional paddies. Suction samplers were applied to collect spiders in the paddies. Species composition and diversity of spiders were recorded and analyzed. The results showed that:1) 31 species and 11 families of spiders were found in both paddies. Three major families of spiders, Lycosidae, Linyphiidae, and Araneidae, accounted for at least 70% of the spider populations. 2) The number of individual spiders in the crab paddies was significantly higher than that in conventional paddies. 3) The Shannon-Wiener index indicated that the diversity of spider species was highest from August through September, and lowest in early June. Furthermore, the results showed that the Shannon-Wiener indexes were positively correlated with Pielou's or Margalef's indexes but were negatively correlated with the Simpon's indexes. The results revealed that there was no difference in the numbers or diversities of spider species between crab paddies and conventional paddies, whereas the difference in the number of individual spiders was significant between the two paddy types. This study lays a foundation for the study of the biodiversity characteristics of arthropods in RC systems.
Key words:Crab paddy/
Conventional paddy/
Spider/
Community/
Diversity index
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