摘要
摘要:稻田浅水环境为许多水产动物提供了生境，也为稻鱼共生产业的发展提供了基础。但是，一个区域的稻田是否适合发展稻鱼共生系统，常常受到当地自然和社会条件的影响，了解这些影响对有效推广稻鱼共生系统有重要意义。本文以我国南方10省为研究区域，从自然和社会经济因素两个方面分析了稻鱼共生系统的推广潜力。研究利用气象资料和农业统计数据，基于地理信息系统构建了研究区域内的稻田地理分布数据库，确定了15个影响稻鱼共生系统推广效率的指标，通过指标的层级模型和线性加权评分法对不同稻田的推广优先等级进行评估，并构建了基于稻田总面积、推广率和单产水平下鱼产量估算的简易模型。结果表明，综合自然和社会经济条件，研究区域内的稻田可划分为4个推广优先等级，面积占比分别为：等级1占29.6%（3.59×10⁶ hm²），等级2占16.9%（2.05×10⁶ hm²），等级3占24.2%（2.94×10⁶ hm²）和等级4占29.4%（3.57×10⁶ hm²）；其中湖南、四川、江西和浙江4省的稻田50%以上属于等级1和等级2，而在云南和贵州基本上所有的稻田都属于等级3和等级4。等级1和等级2的稻田适合推广集约型稻鱼共生模式，这两个等级的稻田每个生长季可产出最高鱼产量分别为3.77×10⁶ t和2.15×10⁶ t；而等级3的稻田适合进行粗放型和集约型模式相结合的推广方式，粗放型和集约型模式最高鱼产量分别为0.62×10⁶ t和3.09×10⁶ t。本研究主要结果为合理制定稻鱼共生系统推广策略提供借鉴，也可为国内外稻田水产养殖产业发展规划的制定提供参考。
关键词:稻鱼共生系统/
推广优先级/
地理信息系统/
自然因素/
社会经济因素/
鱼产量
Abstract:Rice fields can provide habitats for a wide range of aquatic animals, including carps, crabs, crayfish, soft shell turtles, which makes it possible to couple rice culture with fish production. This is referred to as the rice-fish co-culture system. The suitability of rice fields in a specific region for the rice-fish co-culture system often depends on local natural and social economic conditions. An understanding of the potential of rice fields for use in the rice-fish co-culture system would aid effective extension of rice-fish co-culture system and maximize the benefits of this extension. In this study, we assessed the effects of natural and social-economic conditions on the extension of the rice-fish co-culture system in 10 provinces of South China, and predicted the potential of fish yield from rice fields in the rice-fish co-culture system extension. We first built a geographical distribution database of all rice fields in the study area by using a geographic information system (GIS) comprising meteorological data and national statistics. We then assessed the extension priority of different rice fields with a hierarchy model of all assessment criteria and the weighted linear combination method. To assess the extension benefits, we further established a simple model that included rice field area, extension rate, and fish yield. The results showed that rice fields in our study region could be divided into four classes of extension priority based on natural and social-economic scores. The area proportions of four classes were:29.6% for class 1 (3.59×10⁶ hm²), 16.9% for class 2 (2.05×10⁶ hm²), 24.2% for class 3 (2.94×10⁶ hm²), and 29.4% for class 4 (3.57×10⁶ hm²). However, the proportions of rice fields in the four classes were different in the ten provinces. For the provinces of Hunan, Sichuan, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang, half of rice fields were grouped into class 1 and 2, whereas all the rice fields of the provinces of Yunnan and Guizhou were grouped into class 3 and 4. The rice fields of class 1 and class 2 were suitable for the extension of the intensive rice-fish co-culture system, and able to produce a maximum yield of 3.77×10⁶ t and 2.15×10⁶ t of fish in a growing season, respectively. The rice fields of class 3 were suitable for extension of the extensive or intensive rice-fish co-culture systems, and able to produce a maximum yield of 0.62×10⁶ t or 3.09×10⁶ t of fish in a growing season, respectively. The rice fields of class 4 were not suitable for rice-fish co-culture system. Our results may provide an important basis for extending the rice-fish co-culture system in South China. The results may also be a reference for rice-fish co-culture system development in other rice culture areas.
Key words:Rice-fish co-culture system/
Extension priority/
Geographic information system/
Natural factors/
Social-economic factor/
Fish production



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