摘要
摘要:采用完全随机区组田间试验研究了水氮对麦后复种饲料油菜产量及品质的影响，运用模糊相似优先比法分析了不同水氮处理下油菜产量及其4个典型饲料品质指标的变化特征。试验设置灌溉定额和施氮量2个因素：灌溉定额设置3 000 m³·hm^-2（低水）、4 500 m³·hm^-2（中水）和6 000 m³·hm^-2（高水）3个水平；施氮量设置140.6 kg（N）·hm^-2（低氮）、187.5 kg（N）·hm^-2（中氮）和234.4 kg（N）·hm^-2（高氮）3个水平。研究结果表明：适宜的水氮供应对饲料油菜单株鲜重、干重、产量、品质有显著的互作优势，水氮供应量过量或者不足，互作优势减弱。相同灌溉定额下饲料油菜单株鲜重、干重和产量随着施氮量的增加而提高；相同施氮条件下，随着灌水量的增加单株鲜重、干重和产量逐渐提高；提高灌溉定额的增产效应优于增氮，高水+中氮处理较低水+低氮处理产量提高86.90%。施氮量和水氮互作显著影响饲料油菜品质，中水中氮处理粗蛋白含量较高水高氮处理提高36.91%。中水低氮处理中性洗涤纤维含量最低，为32.66%，显著低于高水高氮处理；而高水低氮处理酸性洗涤纤维含量最低，为24.74%，较高水高氮处理低16.49%。高水高氮处理的粗脂肪含量最高（1.45%）。综合考虑产量与品质，新疆南部地区饲料油菜适宜的水氮措施为中水高氮[6 000 m³·hm^-2，187.5 kg（N）·hm^-2]。
关键词:水氮/
麦后复种/
饲料油菜/
产量/
品质
Abstract:A field randomized block experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of water and nitrogen on the yield and quality of multiple cropped forage rape after wheat harvest, by analyzing the variation characteristics of rapeseed yield and its four typical feed quality indicators under different water and nitrogen treatments through fuzzy similarity priority ratio method. The experiment included two factors:irrigation quota and nitrogen application rate; irrigation quota was 3 000 m³·hm^-2 (low water), 4 500 m³·hm^-2 (middle water), and 6 000 m³·hm^-2 (high water) (W1, W2, W3); nitrogen application rates were 140.6 kg(N)·hm^-2 (low nitrogen), 187.5 kg(N)·hm^-2 (medium nitrogen), and 234.4 kg(N)·hm^-2 (high nitrogen) (F1, F2, F3). The results showed that the suitable irrigation and nitrogen levels had significant interaction advantages on fresh weight, dry weight, yield, and quality of forage rape, while an excess or deficiency in irrigation and nitrogen levels reduced mutual advantage. The fresh weight, dry weight, and yield of forage rape under the same irrigation quota improved with the increase in nitrogen application rate. Under the same nitrogen application rate, the fresh weight, dry weight, and yield of forage rape increased with the increase in irrigation quota. Improving irrigation quota was better than increasing the nitrogen application rate. Yield under high water + medium nitrogen treatment increased by 86.90% when compared with yield under low water + low nitrogen treatment. Nitrogen application rate and irrigation-nitrogen application interaction significantly affected the quality of forage rape; in W2F2 treatment, crude protein content increased by 36.91% when compared with W3F3 treatment. The neutral-detergent fiber under W2F1 treatment was the lowest, at 32.66%, significantly lower than that under W3F3 treatment. The acid-detergent fiber under W3F1 treatment was the lowest (24.74%), which was lower than that under W3F3 treatment by 16.49%. The crude fat content was the highest under W3F3 treatment, at 1.45%. Comprehensive consideration of yield and quality revealed that the suitable water and nitrogen application measures for cultivating forage rape in South Xinjiang was high water and high nitrogen[6 000 m³·hm^-2, 187.5 kg(N)·hm^-2].
Key words:Water and fertilizer/
Multi-cropping after wheat harvest/
Forage rape/
Yield/
Quality



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