摘要:2017年1月9—12日和2月21—24日，在南平建瓯、三明将乐、三明三元、福州闽侯、龙岩新罗以及漳州龙海等6个地区，调查了大棚和露地烟粉虱越冬寄主及种群密度，以期明确福建省露地及设施蔬菜烟粉虱越冬规律，为烟粉虱的综合治理提供理论依据。共记录烟粉虱越冬寄主6科16种，主要包括栽培蔬菜花椰菜、番茄、茄子以及阔叶类杂草龙葵、小飞蓬、辣子草和胜红蓟。在露地花椰菜上，烟粉虱越冬虫口密度1月份显著高于2月份；花椰菜采后残株上的越冬虫口密度显著高于莲座期和花球形成期。在温室大棚中，休耕大棚中越冬虫口密度显著高于生产大棚。无论是蔬菜还是杂草，温室大棚中的越冬虫口密度显著高于露地。烟粉虱各虫态均可在各地温室大棚和漳州露地越冬，而在南平和三明等温度较低的地区以卵和伪蛹在露地越冬。在蔬菜上发现越冬烟粉虱有MEAM1隐种和MED隐种，温室大棚中两隐种数量分别为57只和111只，温室大棚可能有助于MED隐种定殖。室内耐寒性测定证实卵和高龄若虫比低龄若虫以及成虫更耐寒，烟粉虱在花椰菜、龙葵和辣子草上的世代存活率分别为83.7%、79.3%和81.6%，世代发育历期分别为18.9 d、16.7 d和18.8 d，龙葵和辣子草是烟粉虱适宜的越冬杂草寄主。综上，烟粉虱可在福建省露地越冬，温室大棚加重了烟粉虱的发生为害。
关键词:烟粉虱/
越冬寄主/
种群密度/
蔬菜/
耐寒性/
福建省
Abstract:In order to clarify the overwintering mechanisms of sweetpotato whitefly[Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)] in open fields and greenhouse vegetable production systems in Fujian Province, China, and to provide a theoretical basis for integrated pest management of B. tabaci, field surveys were conducted at six sites (Jian'ou County of Nanping City; Jiangle County and Sanyuan District of Sanming City; Minhou County of Fuzhou City; Xinluo District of Longyan City; and Longhai County of Zhangzhou City) in January 9-12 and February 21-24, 2017. Sixteen B. tabaci host plants belonging to six families were found, which included the following vegetables:broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), and eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), and broadleaved weeds:Solanum nigrum L., Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq., Ranunculus sieboldii Miq., and Ageratum conyzoides L. For broccoli grown in open fields, significantly greater densities of overwintering B. tabaci were found in January than in February, and substantially greater densities of B. tabaci were detected on postharvest broccoli residuals than those on broccoli at the rosette and the head development stages. There were significantly higher densities of overwintering B. tabaci in fallow greenhouses than in productive greenhouses. Markedly greater densities of overwintering B. tabaci were found in greenhouses than in open fields, regardless of whether the host plants were vegetables or broadleaved weeds. All life stages for overwintering B. tabaci were found in greenhouses across the province and in open fields in Zhangzhou, but eggs and pseudopupa were found in open fields in the Nanping and Sanming areas, where the temperature was low. Overwintering B. tabaci cryptic species MEAM1 and MED were detected in vegetables; in all, there were 57 and 111 individuals, respectively, of the two cryptic species. We inferred that the usage of greenhouses may promote the establishment of the cryptic species MED in the Fujian Province. We then carried out laboratory experiments to test the cold tolerance of B. tabaci and to test the suitability of broadleaved weeds for the development of B. tabaci. We demonstrated that eggs and old nymphs of B. tabaci could tolerate cold stress better than adults and young nymph. B. tabaci had comparable generational survival rates on broadleaved weeds S. nigrum (79.3%) and R. sieboldii (81.1%), lower than that on B. oleracea var. botrytis (83.6%), a common crop widely grown in Fujian Province during winter. The generational developmental duration of B. tabaci was significantly shorter on S. nigrum (16.7 d) than on B. oleracea var. botrytis (18.9 d), which was similar to that on R. sieboldii (18.8 d), implying that broadleaved weeds serve as important potential alternatives to vegetable crops as host plants for B. tabaci in winter. In summary, B. tabaci can overwinter successfully in the open fields in Fujian Province, and the establishment of greenhouses promotes the development of overwintering B. tabaci.
Key words:Sweetpotato whitefly/
Overwintering host/
Population density/
Vegetable/
Cold tolerance/
Fujian Province
PDF全文下载地址:
http://www.ecoagri.ac.cn/article/exportPdf?id=29d0d846-4d01-436b-b057-6be6640f73b5
