摘要:掌握农作物区域地理种植格局动态变化是进行种植结构调整和优化的重要基础。本研究以2000-2015年重庆市属区县水稻生产调查数据为基础，运用排序方法、空间统计方法剖析了16年来重庆水稻种植时空分布特点、不同区县时空演变的趋同性和相异性、区域水稻种植重心的转移特征、重庆水稻产业的地理集聚程度与分布的演化路径，以量化重庆市水稻生产的空间演化格局与动态。结果表明，16年间重庆市水稻种植面积和产量都存在波动，2007年以前水稻面积不断下降，2008年后面积逐渐恢复；在研究的各个时段内，无论单产、面积占比还是总产，重庆市的水稻生产均呈现出西部高于东部，南部高于北部的特征。重庆市以区县为统计单位的水稻生产可分为大面积高单产、小面积高单产、大面积低单产、小面积低单产4个类型；重庆市水稻产量重心位于区域西南部，但逐年向东北方向偏移；重庆水稻产业表现出高值聚集的特征，但空间聚集程度随时间推移逐渐降低，空间均质化程度提高。区域自然条件、社会经济、种植技术发展、政策引导等影响水稻产业的集聚格局，在今后的工作中需针对区域特征进行水稻种植规划和优化管理。
关键词:重庆市/
水稻生产/
集聚特征/
重心转移/
空间统计/
排序方法/
空间均质化
Abstract:Knowledge about dynamic changes of geographical planting patterns of crops is a critical basis for planting adjustments and optimal configurations. Using ordered and spatial statistical methods, the spatial distributions, temporal evolutions, key production area transformations and geographical concentrations of rice production in Chongqing municipality were determined. Also the spatial evolution patterns and dynamics of rice production from 2000 to 2015 were quantified. The results showed that the cultivated area and rice production in Chongqing decreased before 2007, but gradually increased after 2008. During the study period, the spatial distribution patterns of yield per unit area, planting area ratio and total yield in Chongqing were all higher in the west than in the east, and then higher in the south than in the north. Using administrative districts as study unit, rice production areas were divided into 4 typical zones-large area with high yield, small area with high yield, large area with low yield and small area with low yield. From 2000 to 2015, the counties belonging to the large area with high yield type and large area with low yield was stable with some changed in rank of counties. However, the type of small area with high yield changed greatly, the counties number decreased from 8 in 2000 to 4 in 2015. The counties of the small area and low yield type most located in the hill area where the light, water conditions were relative poor. With the expansion of Chongqing City, some counties once were in the small area with high yield changed to the type of small area with low yield. Rice production center was located in the southwest of Chongqing and gradually moved to the northeast. While the degree of geographical aggregation of rice industry decreased gradually over time, the degree of spatial homogenization improved. Regional natural factors, social economy, planting technology development and government planning were the influencing factors of the patterns of rice industry. In future, different cultivation planning and optimal management measures were needed for different planting areas.
Key words:Chongqing City/
Rice production/
Geographical aggregation/
Migration center of gravity/
Spatial statistics/
Ordered method/
Spatial homogenization
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