摘要:基于代码覆盖的错误定位技术是一种常用的错误定位方法，被用来识别与故障相关的程序元素.然而，有研究工作表明，基于代码覆盖的错误定位技术的有效性受到了偶然正确性现象的影响.偶然正确性现象是指程序中包含的错误被执行，但没有产生错误结果的情况，它在实际场景中是非常普遍的.根据以往的研究工作，提出了一种估算发生偶然正确性现象概率的方法.该方法从程序运行时内存中值的定义-使用关系出发，将各语句的执行对程序输出的影响进行了估计.基于偶然正确性概率，对基于代码覆盖的错误定位技术中可疑度的计算方法进行了修正，以消除偶然正确性现象对错误定位技术的影响.在SIR（software-artifact infrastructure repository）中提供的西门子测试套件上进行了实验，这也是偶然正确性相关工作中常被使用的目标程序.实验结果表明，相对于基于代码覆盖信息的错误定位技术，提出的方法提高或至少维持了原有的安全性，并较好地提高了错误定位的精确度.



Abstract:Coverage-based fault localization is a common technique that identifies the executing program elements correlating with failure. However, the effectiveness of coverage-based fault localization suffers from the effect of coincidental correctness which occurs when a fault is executed but no failure is detected. Coincidental correctness is prevalent. In the previous work, a method is proposed to estimate the probability that coincidental correctness happens for each program execution using dynamic data-flow analysis and control-flow analysis. In this study, a new fault-localization approach is proposed based on the coincidental correctness probability. To evaluate the proposed approach, safety and precision are used as evaluation metrics. The experiment involved Siemens test suite from Software-artifact Infrastructure Repository (SIR) which is mostly used in related works. The results are compared with Tarantula and the fault-localization technique based on coincidental correctness probability. The results show that the proposed approach can improve the safety and precision of the fault-localization technique significantly.



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