Effects of coagulant-aid dosage and solution pH on membrane fouling during ballasted flocculation and ultrafiltration process
HE Weipeng1,2,,, ZHENG Sa1,2, LI Bo3, WU Huiying1,2, XU Shirong1,2 1.Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China 2.College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China 3.Changsha Planning & Design Institute Co. Ltd., Changsha 410007, China
Abstract:During a combined water-purification process of ballasted flocculation (BF) and ultrafiltration (UF), the effects of polyacrylamide (PAM, as coagulant aid) dosage and raw-water pH on both ultrafiltration membrane flux decline and fouling reversibility were systematically investigated. Then, the generation mechanism of membrane fouling was explored according to relevance analysis of ballasted floc morphological characteristics and resultant fouling. The results showed that the PAM dosage had a significant effect on ballasted floc morphology, membrane filtration efficiency and fouling properties; and especially, negative influence would occur at PAM dosages both lower and higher than 0.3 mg·L?1. Membrane fouling occurring at neutral pH of raw water was lighter than that at alkaline pHs, while the heaviest membrane fouling occurred at all acidic pH values, possibly due to distinct electrostatic interactions between ultrafiltration membrane itself and cake layer formed on membrane surface. For ballasted flocs with average size larger than 0.75 mm and fractal dimension lower than 1.35, cake layer formed from these flocs with larger and more loosely-structure failed to effectively alleviate membrane fouling. From a perspective of optimal operation, it is key for weakening membrane fouling and producing stable purified-water quality to reduce concentrations of dissolved pollutant and non-captured micro-sand particle, as well as percentage of non-ballasted floc, in treated water by ballasted flocculation. Key words:ballasted flocculation/ ultrafiltration/ floc morphology/ cationic polyacrylamide/ membrane fouling.
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1.Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China 2.College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China 3.Changsha Planning & Design Institute Co. Ltd., Changsha 410007, China Received Date: 2020-11-21 Accepted Date: 2021-02-07 Available Online: 2021-05-23 Keywords:ballasted flocculation/ ultrafiltration/ floc morphology/ cationic polyacrylamide/ membrane fouling Abstract:During a combined water-purification process of ballasted flocculation (BF) and ultrafiltration (UF), the effects of polyacrylamide (PAM, as coagulant aid) dosage and raw-water pH on both ultrafiltration membrane flux decline and fouling reversibility were systematically investigated. Then, the generation mechanism of membrane fouling was explored according to relevance analysis of ballasted floc morphological characteristics and resultant fouling. The results showed that the PAM dosage had a significant effect on ballasted floc morphology, membrane filtration efficiency and fouling properties; and especially, negative influence would occur at PAM dosages both lower and higher than 0.3 mg·L?1. Membrane fouling occurring at neutral pH of raw water was lighter than that at alkaline pHs, while the heaviest membrane fouling occurred at all acidic pH values, possibly due to distinct electrostatic interactions between ultrafiltration membrane itself and cake layer formed on membrane surface. For ballasted flocs with average size larger than 0.75 mm and fractal dimension lower than 1.35, cake layer formed from these flocs with larger and more loosely-structure failed to effectively alleviate membrane fouling. From a perspective of optimal operation, it is key for weakening membrane fouling and producing stable purified-water quality to reduce concentrations of dissolved pollutant and non-captured micro-sand particle, as well as percentage of non-ballasted floc, in treated water by ballasted flocculation.