Hydrodynamic control-enhanced alkali activated persulfate for in situ remediation of 1,2-dichloroethane contaminated groundwater
XIE Tian1,2,, LU Guining1,,, DANG Zhi1, LI Shudi2, ZHANG Qian2, ZHANG Ronghai2,3, LIAO Changjun2 1.Institute of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China 2.National Technology Center, Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co. Ltd., Nanning 530004, China 3.College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
Abstract:In this study, the hydrological tests were conducted to solve the hydrological parameters of a 1,2-dichloroethane contaminated site. The hydrodynamic control-enhanced in-situ chemical oxidation was used to remediate the 1,2-dichloroethane contaminated groundwater in aquifer. The removal effect of target pollutant in groundwater by alkali activated persulfate (PS) was tested. A long term monitoring for the water chemical factors of groundwater was performed. The results showed that the permeability coefficient and the hydraulic conductivity of the studied aquifer were 7.89 m·d?1 and 101 m2·d?1, respectively. Under the condition of two-dimensional dispersion in one-dimensional steady flow field, the calculated groundwater velocity was 3.85 m·d?1 according to the advection-dispersion-reaction equation, and the longitudinal coefficient αL and lateral dispersion coefficient αT were 0.89 m and 0.089 m, respectively. The corresponding hydrodynamic conditions were significantly superior to natural conditions. The diffusion rate and influence range of remediation chemicals in aquifer could be effectively controlled by the disturbance of groundwater flow field with the hydrodynamic control method. After injecting the oxidation agents, the concentration of 1,2-dichloroethane in the studied area decreased generally, and the effective radius of the injection well was around 4 m. On the 14th day, the concentration of 1,2-dichloroethane around the injection well was below the detection limit, and the remediation effect of agents has maintained until 28 days. During this pollutant-removal period, the reaction rate constant of 1,2-dichloroethane degradation by alkali activated persulfate was 0.022 d?1, and the half-life was 29 d. Although the concentration of sulfate in the groundwater experienced an increase after 56 days, it returned to the original level before the injection on the 140 day. It indicated that the integrated technique applied in this study had less impact on the studied area. This alkali activated persulfate will have broad application prospects in chlorinated hydrocarbons contaminated sites. Key words:hydrodynamic control/ activated persulfate/ in-situ remediation/ 1,2-dichloroethane/ sulfate.
图1实验场地位置及地层分布 Figure1.Test site location and stratigraphic distribution
GUO Z, BRUSSEAU M L, FOGG G E. Determining the long-term operational performance of pump and treat and the possibility of closure for a large TCE plume[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2019, 365: 796-803. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.11.057
[3]
ZHA Y, YEH T C J, ILLMAN W A, et al. Exploitation of pump and treat remediation systems for characterization of hydraulic heterogeneity[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2019, 573: 324-340. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.03.089
BEKELE D N, DU J, DE FREITAS L G, et al. Actively facilitated permeable reactive barrier for remediation of TCE from a low permeability aquifer: Field application[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2019, 572: 592-602. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.03.059
AI J, ZHANG W, CHEN F, et al. Catalytic pyrolysis coupling to enhanced dewatering of waste activated sludge using KMnO4Fe(II) conditioning for preparing multi-functional material to treat groundwater containing combined pollutants[J]. Water Research, 2019, 158: 424-437. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.04.044
[8]
LIANG S H, CHEN K F, WU C S, et al. Development of KMnO4-releasing composites for in situ chemical oxidation of TCE-contaminated groundwater[J]. Water Research, 2014, 54: 149-158. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.01.068
[9]
HUANG Y F, HUANG Y H. Identification of produced powerful radicals involved in the mineralization of bisphenol A using a novel UV-Na2S2O8/H2O2-Fe(II,III) two-stage oxidation process[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 162(2/3): 1211-1216. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.06.008
[10]
LIANG C, WANG Z S, BRUELL C J. Influence of pH on persulfate oxidation of TCE at ambient temperatures[J]. Chemosphere, 2007, 66(1): 106-113. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.026
[11]
LIANG C, BRUELL C J, MARLEY M C, et al. Persulfate oxidation for in situ remediation of TCE. I. Activated by ferrous ion with and without a persulfate-thiosulfate redox couple[J]. Chemosphere, 2004, 55(9): 1213-1223. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.01.029
[12]
MA J, LI H, CHI L, et al. Changes in activation energy and kinetics of heat-activated persulfate oxidation of phenol in response to changes in pH and temperature[J]. Chemosphere, 2017, 189: 86-93. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.051
[13]
中国地质调查局. 水文地质手册[M]. 2版. 北京: 地质出版社, 2012.
[14]
NEUMAN S P. Analysis of pumping test data from anisotropic unconfined aquifers considering delayed gravity response[J]. Water Resources Research, 1975, 11(2): 329-342. doi: 10.1029/WR011i002p00329
[15]
JACOB C E. Drawdown test to determine effective radius of artesian well[J]. Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 1948, 112: 1047-1170.
[16]
VAN EVERDINGEN A F. The skin effect and its influence on the productive capacity of a well[J]. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 1953, 198(6): 171-176.
LIANG C, CHIEN Y C, LIN Y L. Impacts of isco persulfate, peroxide and permanganate oxidants on soils: Soil oxidant demand and soil properties[J]. Journal of Soil Contamination, 2012, 21(6): 701-719. doi: 10.1080/15320383.2012.691129
RABUS R, HEIDER J. Initial reactions of anaerobic metabolism of alkylbenzenes in denitrifying and sulfate-reducing bacteria[J]. Archives of Microbiology, 1998, 170(5): 377-384.
1.Institute of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China 2.National Technology Center, Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co. Ltd., Nanning 530004, China 3.College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China Received Date: 2020-12-29 Accepted Date: 2021-03-04 Available Online: 2021-05-23 Keywords:hydrodynamic control/ activated persulfate/ in-situ remediation/ 1,2-dichloroethane/ sulfate Abstract:In this study, the hydrological tests were conducted to solve the hydrological parameters of a 1,2-dichloroethane contaminated site. The hydrodynamic control-enhanced in-situ chemical oxidation was used to remediate the 1,2-dichloroethane contaminated groundwater in aquifer. The removal effect of target pollutant in groundwater by alkali activated persulfate (PS) was tested. A long term monitoring for the water chemical factors of groundwater was performed. The results showed that the permeability coefficient and the hydraulic conductivity of the studied aquifer were 7.89 m·d?1 and 101 m2·d?1, respectively. Under the condition of two-dimensional dispersion in one-dimensional steady flow field, the calculated groundwater velocity was 3.85 m·d?1 according to the advection-dispersion-reaction equation, and the longitudinal coefficient αL and lateral dispersion coefficient αT were 0.89 m and 0.089 m, respectively. The corresponding hydrodynamic conditions were significantly superior to natural conditions. The diffusion rate and influence range of remediation chemicals in aquifer could be effectively controlled by the disturbance of groundwater flow field with the hydrodynamic control method. After injecting the oxidation agents, the concentration of 1,2-dichloroethane in the studied area decreased generally, and the effective radius of the injection well was around 4 m. On the 14th day, the concentration of 1,2-dichloroethane around the injection well was below the detection limit, and the remediation effect of agents has maintained until 28 days. During this pollutant-removal period, the reaction rate constant of 1,2-dichloroethane degradation by alkali activated persulfate was 0.022 d?1, and the half-life was 29 d. Although the concentration of sulfate in the groundwater experienced an increase after 56 days, it returned to the original level before the injection on the 140 day. It indicated that the integrated technique applied in this study had less impact on the studied area. This alkali activated persulfate will have broad application prospects in chlorinated hydrocarbons contaminated sites.