Emissions accounting and characteristics of volatile organic compounds in typical paint manufacturing enterprises
PAN Xin1,2,, ZHANG Wei1,2,3,,, HUANG Yinzhi1,2, XIU Guangli1,2,3 1.Shanghai Key Laboratory of Environmental Standards and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China 2.National Environmental Protection Chemical Process Environmental Risk Assessment and Control Key Laboratory, Shanghai 200237, China 3.Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, Shanghai 200092, China
Abstract:The organized waste gas samples of different production sections were collected from eight different types of paint manufacturing enterprises in Shanghai to analyze the emission characteristics and reactive species of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The VOCs emissions were accounted by three calculation methods and the results were compared with the permitted emission limits. Results show that the typical VOCs components emitted from paint manufacturing enterprises are aromatic hydrocarbon, oxygen VOCs, halogenated hydrocarbon, accounting for 56.2%~99.1% of total VOCs. Ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, 4-ethyl toluene, m-p-xylene, toluene, methyl ethyl ketone are characteristic VOCs species of the paint manufacturer. Based on the calculation results with the maximum increment reaction (MIR) method, aromatic hydrocarbon and OVOCs emissions from paint manufacturing are the main active components, which contribute to 36.0%~99.8% of ozone formation potential (OFP) values; 4-ethyl toluene (52.1%), vinyl chloride (48.1%), butyl acetate (47.9%), ethyl acetate (42.6%), m-p-xylene (41.3%) are the top 5 contributors for the total OFP in the waste gas of different paint manufacturer enterprises. In addition to benzene series and acetate compounds, vinyl chloride, methyl ethyl ketone, tetrahydrofuran are also active species worthy of attention in paint manufacturing. VOCs emissions from workshops account for more than75.0% of total VOCs emission of the paint manufacturing enterprises, followed by 3.5%~16.0% of VOCs from laboratories. In terms of the actual VOCs emission accounting, results by the measure approach are close to those of the material balance method. The accounting by the measure method is also simple and the values are all lower than the permitted emission limits under normal operation conditions. However, the values accounted by the pollution production coefficient method are larger than the permitted emission limits and can be used as a punitive calculation method at the present stage. Key words:paint manufacturing/ volatile organic compounds (VOCs)/ emission accounting/ emission characteristics.
图1涂料制造企业主要生产工艺 Figure1.Main production process of paint manufacturing enterprises
表1涂料制造企业基本生产信息及监测点位 Table1.Basic production information and monitoring points of the paint manufacturing enterprises
案例
主要原辅材料
产品类型
末端工艺
监测位点 (NMHC)
样本编号 (VOCs组分)
Ⅰ
丙烯酸树脂、环己酮、二甲苯
塑胶涂料
活性炭吸附+CO
车间1排放口
1
金属类涂料
车间2排放口
2
Ⅱ
醇酸树脂、二甲苯、乙酸丁酯
家具涂料
活性炭吸附+光纤离子催化
车间1排放口
3
车间2排放口
4
实验室排放口
—
储罐排放口
—
Ⅲ
醇酸树脂、二甲苯、甲苯、 乙酸乙酯
内外墙建筑、木器涂料等
活性炭吸附+CO
车间1排放口
5
实验室排放口
—
污水处理站排放口
—
储罐排放口
—
Ⅳ
乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、 1,3-二甲苯
汽车涂料、环氧地坪涂料
活性炭吸附+CO
车间1排放口
6
实验室排放口
—
储罐排放口
—
Ⅴ
二甲苯、乙酸丁酯、聚酯树脂
船舶等防腐涂料、 卷材涂料
活性炭吸附+RCO
车间1排放口
7
Ⅵ
甲苯、二甲苯、甲基异丁基酮
一般工业涂料
水溶吸收、催化氧化等组合 处理技术
车间1排放口
8
卷材涂料等
车间2排放口
9
无
实验室排放口
—
无
污水处理站排放口
—
Ⅶ
二甲苯、甲苯、丙酮、
建筑涂料
活性炭吸附+RTO
车间1排放口
—
固体废物排放口
—
Ⅷ
乙酸丁酯、丁醇、甲苯、 氨基树脂
汽车、一般工业涂料
RTO
车间1排放口
—
实验室排放口
—
注:“—”表示排放口在非主车间,未做VOCs组分分析。
案例
主要原辅材料
产品类型
末端工艺
监测位点 (NMHC)
样本编号 (VOCs组分)
Ⅰ
丙烯酸树脂、环己酮、二甲苯
塑胶涂料
活性炭吸附+CO
车间1排放口
1
金属类涂料
车间2排放口
2
Ⅱ
醇酸树脂、二甲苯、乙酸丁酯
家具涂料
活性炭吸附+光纤离子催化
车间1排放口
3
车间2排放口
4
实验室排放口
—
储罐排放口
—
Ⅲ
醇酸树脂、二甲苯、甲苯、 乙酸乙酯
内外墙建筑、木器涂料等
活性炭吸附+CO
车间1排放口
5
实验室排放口
—
污水处理站排放口
—
储罐排放口
—
Ⅳ
乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、 1,3-二甲苯
汽车涂料、环氧地坪涂料
活性炭吸附+CO
车间1排放口
6
实验室排放口
—
储罐排放口
—
Ⅴ
二甲苯、乙酸丁酯、聚酯树脂
船舶等防腐涂料、 卷材涂料
活性炭吸附+RCO
车间1排放口
7
Ⅵ
甲苯、二甲苯、甲基异丁基酮
一般工业涂料
水溶吸收、催化氧化等组合 处理技术
车间1排放口
8
卷材涂料等
车间2排放口
9
无
实验室排放口
—
无
污水处理站排放口
—
Ⅶ
二甲苯、甲苯、丙酮、
建筑涂料
活性炭吸附+RTO
车间1排放口
—
固体废物排放口
—
Ⅷ
乙酸丁酯、丁醇、甲苯、 氨基树脂
汽车、一般工业涂料
RTO
车间1排放口
—
实验室排放口
—
注:“—”表示排放口在非主车间,未做VOCs组分分析。
下载: 导出CSV 表2产污系数法核算VOCs排放量的参考数值 Table2.Reference values of VOCs emission accounting by the pollution production coefficient method
产品名称
每吨产品的产污系数
以工业废气量 为指标/m3
以挥发性有机物 为指标/kg
溶剂型涂料
4.93×104
10.00
水性建筑涂料
1.74×103
1.00
水性工业涂料
1.98×103
2.00
溶剂型涂料用树脂
2.75×103
3.26
水性涂料用树脂
360
0.7
粉末涂料
3.95×103
—
辅助涂料
1.75×103
—
注:“—”表示过程VOCs产生忽略不计。
产品名称
每吨产品的产污系数
以工业废气量 为指标/m3
以挥发性有机物 为指标/kg
溶剂型涂料
4.93×104
10.00
水性建筑涂料
1.74×103
1.00
水性工业涂料
1.98×103
2.00
溶剂型涂料用树脂
2.75×103
3.26
水性涂料用树脂
360
0.7
粉末涂料
3.95×103
—
辅助涂料
1.75×103
—
注:“—”表示过程VOCs产生忽略不计。
下载: 导出CSV 表3VOCs总排放量、车间有组织废气VOCs浓度及OFP值 Table3.Total emissions of VOCs, and the concentration of VOCs and OFP contribution value in the organized waste gas emissions in the workshop
案例
NMHC总排放量/ (kg·a?1)
VOCs分析 样本编号
VOCs质量浓度/ (mg·m?3)
OFP/ (mg·m?3)
Ⅰ
119.83
1
0.57
0.75
2
4.38
5.05
Ⅱ
1 808.00
3
7.67
22.88
4
6.89
21.51
Ⅲ
954.72
5
58.05
57.28
Ⅳ
418.56
6
1.47
3.97
Ⅴ
2 014.50
7
19.4
24.79
Ⅵ
6 229.50
8
8.13
31.88
9
12.90
57.54
Ⅶ
1 986.35
—
—
—
Ⅷ
3 663.90
—
—
—
注:NMHC总排放量用监测法核算。
案例
NMHC总排放量/ (kg·a?1)
VOCs分析 样本编号
VOCs质量浓度/ (mg·m?3)
OFP/ (mg·m?3)
Ⅰ
119.83
1
0.57
0.75
2
4.38
5.05
Ⅱ
1 808.00
3
7.67
22.88
4
6.89
21.51
Ⅲ
954.72
5
58.05
57.28
Ⅳ
418.56
6
1.47
3.97
Ⅴ
2 014.50
7
19.4
24.79
Ⅵ
6 229.50
8
8.13
31.88
9
12.90
57.54
Ⅶ
1 986.35
—
—
—
Ⅷ
3 663.90
—
—
—
注:NMHC总排放量用监测法核算。
下载: 导出CSV 表4各生产环节废气VOCs的排放浓度 Table4.VOCs concentration of the emissions from different production sections
HATFIELD M L, HARTZ K E H. Secondary organic aerosol from biogenic volatile organic compound mixtures[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2011, 45(13): 2211-2219. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.01.065
[2]
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[8]
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[9]
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1.Shanghai Key Laboratory of Environmental Standards and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China 2.National Environmental Protection Chemical Process Environmental Risk Assessment and Control Key Laboratory, Shanghai 200237, China 3.Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, Shanghai 200092, China Received Date: 2020-07-27 Accepted Date: 2020-10-25 Available Online: 2021-03-24 Keywords:paint manufacturing/ volatile organic compounds (VOCs)/ emission accounting/ emission characteristics Abstract:The organized waste gas samples of different production sections were collected from eight different types of paint manufacturing enterprises in Shanghai to analyze the emission characteristics and reactive species of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The VOCs emissions were accounted by three calculation methods and the results were compared with the permitted emission limits. Results show that the typical VOCs components emitted from paint manufacturing enterprises are aromatic hydrocarbon, oxygen VOCs, halogenated hydrocarbon, accounting for 56.2%~99.1% of total VOCs. Ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, 4-ethyl toluene, m-p-xylene, toluene, methyl ethyl ketone are characteristic VOCs species of the paint manufacturer. Based on the calculation results with the maximum increment reaction (MIR) method, aromatic hydrocarbon and OVOCs emissions from paint manufacturing are the main active components, which contribute to 36.0%~99.8% of ozone formation potential (OFP) values; 4-ethyl toluene (52.1%), vinyl chloride (48.1%), butyl acetate (47.9%), ethyl acetate (42.6%), m-p-xylene (41.3%) are the top 5 contributors for the total OFP in the waste gas of different paint manufacturer enterprises. In addition to benzene series and acetate compounds, vinyl chloride, methyl ethyl ketone, tetrahydrofuran are also active species worthy of attention in paint manufacturing. VOCs emissions from workshops account for more than75.0% of total VOCs emission of the paint manufacturing enterprises, followed by 3.5%~16.0% of VOCs from laboratories. In terms of the actual VOCs emission accounting, results by the measure approach are close to those of the material balance method. The accounting by the measure method is also simple and the values are all lower than the permitted emission limits under normal operation conditions. However, the values accounted by the pollution production coefficient method are larger than the permitted emission limits and can be used as a punitive calculation method at the present stage.