Control of the microcrystal formation during high-hardness water softening with Fe3O4 induced-crystallization
LU Zhou1,2,3,, NIE Xiaobao1,2,3,,, YU Zhi1,2,3, HE Yifan1,2,3, YI Jin1,2,3, HU Mingrui1,2,3, LONG Yuannan1,2,3, JIANG Changbo1,2,3 1.School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China 2.Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China 3.Engineering and Technical Center of Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection for River-Lake Dredging Pollution Control, Changsha 410114, China
Abstract:In order to reduce the formation ratio of microcrystal and improve the separation performance of crystallization products during the high-hardness water softening process, Fe3O4 was used as the seed of induced-crystallization system. Through changing the dosage of Fe3O4, the control effect of induced-crystallization on microcrystal was examined, the correlation between the formation rate of microcrystal and the turbidity of supernatant was investigated and the turbidity removal efficiency of PAC coagulation on effluent was also analyzed. The results showed that calcite was the only crystalline polymorph of both induced- and homogeneous crystallization. The introduction of seed during the induced-crystallization process caused both the suppression of homogeneous crystallization and the decline of microcrystal formation rate, but the homogeneous crystallization was still unavoidable. The increase of Fe3O4 dosage could decrease the microcrystal formation rate, which was linearly and positively correlated to the turbidity of supernatant. When Fe3O4 dosage increased from 0 g·L?1 to 10 g·L?1, the microcrystal formation ratio decreased from 32.3% to 9.0% and the removal efficiency of Ca increased from 35.6% to 51.7%, corresponding to a decrease of the turbidity of supernatant from 215.9 NTU to 22.7 NTU. For the induced-crystallization system at Fe3O4 dosage of 10 g·L?1, the supernatant turbidity decreased to 2.2 NTU after magnetic separation and coagulation with 7 mg·L?1 PAC. It was proved that the pH of supernatant could drop to 8.5 once the induced-crystallization process was extended to over 50 min. This result can provide reference for improving the softening effect of high-hardness water and reducing the sedimentation sludge. Key words:high-hardness water softening/ Fe3O4/ induced-crystallization/ fines/ control.
图1Fe3O4投加量对体系结晶与软化效果的影响 Figure1.Effect of Fe3O4 dosage on the crystallization and softening of systems
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1.School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China 2.Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China 3.Engineering and Technical Center of Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection for River-Lake Dredging Pollution Control, Changsha 410114, China Received Date: 2020-05-06 Accepted Date: 2020-08-17 Available Online: 2021-02-22 Keywords:high-hardness water softening/ Fe3O4/ induced-crystallization/ fines/ control Abstract:In order to reduce the formation ratio of microcrystal and improve the separation performance of crystallization products during the high-hardness water softening process, Fe3O4 was used as the seed of induced-crystallization system. Through changing the dosage of Fe3O4, the control effect of induced-crystallization on microcrystal was examined, the correlation between the formation rate of microcrystal and the turbidity of supernatant was investigated and the turbidity removal efficiency of PAC coagulation on effluent was also analyzed. The results showed that calcite was the only crystalline polymorph of both induced- and homogeneous crystallization. The introduction of seed during the induced-crystallization process caused both the suppression of homogeneous crystallization and the decline of microcrystal formation rate, but the homogeneous crystallization was still unavoidable. The increase of Fe3O4 dosage could decrease the microcrystal formation rate, which was linearly and positively correlated to the turbidity of supernatant. When Fe3O4 dosage increased from 0 g·L?1 to 10 g·L?1, the microcrystal formation ratio decreased from 32.3% to 9.0% and the removal efficiency of Ca increased from 35.6% to 51.7%, corresponding to a decrease of the turbidity of supernatant from 215.9 NTU to 22.7 NTU. For the induced-crystallization system at Fe3O4 dosage of 10 g·L?1, the supernatant turbidity decreased to 2.2 NTU after magnetic separation and coagulation with 7 mg·L?1 PAC. It was proved that the pH of supernatant could drop to 8.5 once the induced-crystallization process was extended to over 50 min. This result can provide reference for improving the softening effect of high-hardness water and reducing the sedimentation sludge.