Removal effect of phosphorus in rain-runoff by the media-improved bioretention tank
XIONG Jiaqing1,2,,, HE Yifan1,2, BAI Xuechen3, WANG Xiaochang1,2 1.School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi′ an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi′an 710043, China 2.Northwest China Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Environment Ecology, Xi′an 710043, China 3.China United Northwest institute for Engineering Design & Research Co. Ltd., Xi′an 710077, China
Abstract:Aiming at the problem that phosphorus (P) removal effect fluctuates greatly with the addition of carbon source at a certain height of submerged zone in a bioretention tank, the improvement method of its media was investigated. In this study, three simulated experimental columns were constructed and filled with conventional media, general biochar-improved media, and iron-coated biochar-improved media, respectively. The ${\rm{PO}}_4^{3-} $-P removal effects of the bioretention cells with different biochar-improved media at different submerged heights and drying periods were analyzed, and the improvement effect of biochar on media was evaluated. The results showed that the iron-coated biochar-improved media presented the best ${\rm{PO}}_4^{3-} $ removal effect at the submerged height of 300 mm in the bioretention tank, and the corresponding average removal efficiency approached 90%. However, the general biochar-improved media presented the lowest ${\rm{PO}}_4^{3-} $ removal effect with average removal rate below 60%. At the same time, under different drying periods, ${\rm{PO}}_4^{3-} $ leaching from media did not occur in all the experimental columns. In conclusion, the bioretention tank filled with the iron-coated biochar-improved media had a good performance on phosphorus removal from rain runoff and a strong adaptability to different drying periods when a submerged zone with certain height was preset. Key words:runoff pollution/ bioretention tank/ biochar/ improved media/ phosphorus removal.
图1实验柱结构与编号 Figure1.Structure and number of experimental columns
图6不同落干期生物滞留池对${\rm{PO}}_4^{3-} $-P的去除效果 Figure6.${\rm{PO}}_4^{3-} $-P removal by different experimental columns at different durations of drying periods
LIU J, DAVIS A P. Phosphorus speciation and treatment using enhanced phosphorus removal bioretention[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2014, 48: 607-614.
[3]
HUNT W F, DAVIS A P G R. Meeting hydrologic and water quality goals through targeted bioretention design[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2012, 138(6): 698-707. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000504
[4]
LI J, DAVIS A P. A unified look at phosphorus treatment using bioretention[J]. Water Research, 2016, 90: 141-155. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.12.015
[5]
DAVIS A P, HUNT W F, TRAVER R G, et al. Bioretention technology: overview of current practice and future needs[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2009, 135(3): 109-117. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2009)135:3(109)
[6]
ERICKSON A J, GULLIVER J S, WEISS P T. Enhanced sand filtration for storm water phosphorus removal[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2007, 133(5): 485-497. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2007)133:5(485)
[7]
DAVIS A P, SHOKOUHIAN M, SHARMA H, et al. Laboratory study of biological retention for urban stormwater management[J]. Water Environment Research, 2001, 73(1): 5-14. doi: 10.2175/106143001X138624
[8]
YAN Q, DAVIS A P, JAMES B R. Enhanced organic phosphorus sorption from urban stormwater using modified bioretention media: batch studies[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2016, 142(4): 1-11.
[9]
RICHARDSON J L, VEPRASKAS M J. Wetland Soils[M]. London, UK: CRC Press LLC, 2001.
[10]
TIAN J, JIN J, CHIU P C, et al. A pilot-scale, bi-layer bioretention system with biochar and zerovalent iron for enhanced nitrate removal from stormwater[J]. Water Research, 2019, 148: 378-387. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.030
[11]
TIAN J, MILLER V, CHIU P C, et al. Nutrient release and ammonium sorption by poultry litter and wood biochars in stormwater treatment[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2016, 553: 596-606. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.129
LI J, LV G, BAII W, et al. Modification and use of biochar from wheat straw (triticum aestivum l.) for nitrate and phosphate removal from water[J]. Desalination and Water Treatment, 2014, 57(10): 1-13.
[14]
ZHANG M, GAO B, YAO Y, et al. Synthesis of porous mgo-biochar nanocomposites for removal of phosphate and nitrate from aqueous solutions[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2012, 210: 26-32. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2012.08.052
[15]
NCDWQ. Chapter 12: Bioretention. Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual[M]. Raleigh: N.C. Department of Environmental and Natural Resources, Divison of Water Quality, 2007: 12-13.
TAN K H. Cation exchange capacity and base saturation determination[M]//Soil Sampling, Preparation, and Analysis. USA: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2005.
[22]
BALDWIN D S, MITCHELL A M. The effects of drying and re-flooding on the sediment and soil nutrient dynamics of lowland river-floodplain systems: A synthesis[J]. Regulated Revers: Research & Management, 2000, 16: 457-467.
[23]
CLAUSEN M, JOHNC D. Saturation to improve pollutant retention in a rain garden[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2006, 40(4): 1335-1340.
[24]
CORRELL D L. Phosphorus: A rate limiting nutrient in surface waters[J]. Poultry Science, 1999, 78: 674-682. doi: 10.1093/ps/78.5.674
[25]
BOHN H L, MCNEAL B L, O'CONNOR G A. Soil Chemistry[M]. 3rd Edition. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ins., 2001.
[26]
DAVIS A P, SHOKOUHIAN M, SHARMA H, et al. Water quality improvement through bioretention media: Nitrogen and phosphorus removal[J]. Water Environment Research, 2006, 78(3): 284-293. doi: 10.2175/106143005X94376
1.School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi′ an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi′an 710043, China 2.Northwest China Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Environment Ecology, Xi′an 710043, China 3.China United Northwest institute for Engineering Design & Research Co. Ltd., Xi′an 710077, China Received Date: 2018-12-27 Accepted Date: 2019-04-15 Available Online: 2019-09-17 Keywords:runoff pollution/ bioretention tank/ biochar/ improved media/ phosphorus removal Abstract:Aiming at the problem that phosphorus (P) removal effect fluctuates greatly with the addition of carbon source at a certain height of submerged zone in a bioretention tank, the improvement method of its media was investigated. In this study, three simulated experimental columns were constructed and filled with conventional media, general biochar-improved media, and iron-coated biochar-improved media, respectively. The ${\rm{PO}}_4^{3-} $-P removal effects of the bioretention cells with different biochar-improved media at different submerged heights and drying periods were analyzed, and the improvement effect of biochar on media was evaluated. The results showed that the iron-coated biochar-improved media presented the best ${\rm{PO}}_4^{3-} $ removal effect at the submerged height of 300 mm in the bioretention tank, and the corresponding average removal efficiency approached 90%. However, the general biochar-improved media presented the lowest ${\rm{PO}}_4^{3-} $ removal effect with average removal rate below 60%. At the same time, under different drying periods, ${\rm{PO}}_4^{3-} $ leaching from media did not occur in all the experimental columns. In conclusion, the bioretention tank filled with the iron-coated biochar-improved media had a good performance on phosphorus removal from rain runoff and a strong adaptability to different drying periods when a submerged zone with certain height was preset.