Effects of five aquatic plants in South China on purification of municipal wastewater
XIE Dongsheng1,2,, ZHU Wenyi3, CHEN Jinpeng3, YUAN Xiaochu1,4, XU Lei1,4, WANG Faguo1,, 1.Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China 2.College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China 3.College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China 4.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Abstract:In order to determine the purification effect of domestic wastewater by indigenous plants and investigate the possibility of substituting indigenous plants for exotic species in water remediation, in this study, five indigenous plants, including Floscopa scandens, Cyperus distans, Oenanthe linearis, Ranunculus sceleratus and Houttuynia cordata, were selected to investigate the removal effects of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (${\rm{NH}}_4^{+} $-N) and total phosphorus (TP) in synthetic municipal wastewater. The results showed that all the selected five indigenous plants had an obvious performance on COD, TN, TP, and ${\rm{NH}}_4^{+} $-N removal from synthetic municipal wastewater, and significant differences occurred in their purification efficiencies. Cyperus distans showed the best treatment results for high concentration wastewater, and the removal rates of COD, TN, ${\rm{NH}}_4^{+} $-N and TP were 89.56%, 82.66%, 88.89% and 83.32% after 20 d treatment. Houttuynia cordata presented the remarkable removal rates of TN and ${\rm{NH}}_4^{+} $-N, which were 83.52%%~85.50%% and 77.40%~89.33% for wastewater with different concentration gradients, respectively. However, Houttuynia cordata had poor purification effect on phosphorus, and might be suitable for polluted water treatment with high nitrogen and low phosphorus. Floscopa scandens had good TP removal effect with the highest removal rate of 91.43% in three kinds of wastewater. The result suggests that Floscopa scandens may be suitable for treatment of municipal wastewater with low nitrogen and high phosphorus concentrations. Key words:phytoremediation technology/ municipal wastewater purification/ water remediation.
表1不同污染程度生活污水评价指标 Table1.Evaluation indexes of domestic sewage with different pollution levels
污染程度
评价指标/（mg·L?1）
COD
TN
${\rm{NH}}_4^{+} $-N
TP
低污染(L)
102
24.4
8.6
2.5
中污染(M)
338
43.8
14.8
4.2
高污染(H)
624
68.5
22.4
8.3
污染程度
评价指标/（mg·L?1）
COD
TN
${\rm{NH}}_4^{+} $-N
TP
低污染(L)
102
24.4
8.6
2.5
中污染(M)
338
43.8
14.8
4.2
高污染(H)
624
68.5
22.4
8.3
下载: 导出CSV 表2不同浓度下5种植物对COD的去除率 Table2.COD removal rate of five plants at different concentrations
污染程度
对照
疏穗莎草
聚花草
鱼腥草
线叶水芹
石龙芮
低污染(L)
7.84±0.22
58.59±1.74
51.32±1.71
35.87±0.52
30.55±1.59
19.9±1.52
中污染(M)
8.28±0.12
84.05±0.50
81.46±0.47
68.07±0.56
64.02±0.14
31.7±0.18
高污染(H)
7.37±0.03
89.56±0.26
84.04±0.15
69.21±0.19
67.64±0.09
52.49±0.14
污染程度
对照
疏穗莎草
聚花草
鱼腥草
线叶水芹
石龙芮
低污染(L)
7.84±0.22
58.59±1.74
51.32±1.71
35.87±0.52
30.55±1.59
19.9±1.52
中污染(M)
8.28±0.12
84.05±0.50
81.46±0.47
68.07±0.56
64.02±0.14
31.7±0.18
高污染(H)
7.37±0.03
89.56±0.26
84.04±0.15
69.21±0.19
67.64±0.09
52.49±0.14
下载: 导出CSV 表3不同浓度下5种植物对TN的去除率 Table3.TN removal rate of five plants at different concentrations
污染程度
对照
疏穗莎草
聚花草
鱼腥草
线叶水芹
石龙芮
低污染(L)
14.75±0.07
91.75±0.57
62.16±0.19
85.5±1.04
57.59±0.86
38.52±0.46
中污染(M)
7.92±0.34
85.55±0.08
72.97±0.25
83.52±0.51
64.5±0.65
54.27±1.01
高污染(H)
4.67±0.40
82.66±0.37
60.76±0.86
85.08±0.32
48.1±0.70
37.26±0.65
污染程度
对照
疏穗莎草
聚花草
鱼腥草
线叶水芹
石龙芮
低污染(L)
14.75±0.07
91.75±0.57
62.16±0.19
85.5±1.04
57.59±0.86
38.52±0.46
中污染(M)
7.92±0.34
85.55±0.08
72.97±0.25
83.52±0.51
64.5±0.65
54.27±1.01
高污染(H)
4.67±0.40
82.66±0.37
60.76±0.86
85.08±0.32
48.1±0.70
37.26±0.65
下载: 导出CSV 表4不同浓度下5种植物对${\bf{NH}}_4^{+}$-N的去除率 Table4.${\bf{NH}}_4^{+} $-N removal rate of five plants at different concentrations
污染程度
对照
疏穗莎草
聚花草
鱼腥草
线叶水芹
石龙芮
低污染(L)
10.39±0.21
77.17±0.09
68.84±0.30
77.4±0.24
68.72±0.08
44.06±0.04
中污染(M)
18.72±0.12
84.32±0.05
65.91±0.18
84.12±0.14
64.65±0.05
45.7±0.02
高污染(H)
11.2±0.04
88.89±1.38
63.96±0.03
89.33±0.05
62.49±0.11
45.6±0.11
污染程度
对照
疏穗莎草
聚花草
鱼腥草
线叶水芹
石龙芮
低污染(L)
10.39±0.21
77.17±0.09
68.84±0.30
77.4±0.24
68.72±0.08
44.06±0.04
中污染(M)
18.72±0.12
84.32±0.05
65.91±0.18
84.12±0.14
64.65±0.05
45.7±0.02
高污染(H)
11.2±0.04
88.89±1.38
63.96±0.03
89.33±0.05
62.49±0.11
45.6±0.11
下载: 导出CSV 表5不同浓度下5种植物对TP的去除率 Table5.TP removal rate of five plants at different concentrations
RIEMER D, POS W, MILNE P, et al. Observations of nonmethane hydrocarbons and oxygenated volatile organic compounds at a rural site in the south easterm United States[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1998, 103(D21): 28111-28128. doi: 10.1029/98JD02677
ROMERO J A, COMIN F A, GARCIA C. Restored wetlands as filters to remove nitrogen[J]. Chemosphere, 1999, 39(2): 323-332. doi: 10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00113-7
1.Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China 2.College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China 3.College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China 4.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Received Date: 2018-11-12 Accepted Date: 2019-03-20 Available Online: 2019-08-06 Keywords:phytoremediation technology/ municipal wastewater purification/ water remediation Abstract:In order to determine the purification effect of domestic wastewater by indigenous plants and investigate the possibility of substituting indigenous plants for exotic species in water remediation, in this study, five indigenous plants, including Floscopa scandens, Cyperus distans, Oenanthe linearis, Ranunculus sceleratus and Houttuynia cordata, were selected to investigate the removal effects of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (${\rm{NH}}_4^{+} $-N) and total phosphorus (TP) in synthetic municipal wastewater. The results showed that all the selected five indigenous plants had an obvious performance on COD, TN, TP, and ${\rm{NH}}_4^{+} $-N removal from synthetic municipal wastewater, and significant differences occurred in their purification efficiencies. Cyperus distans showed the best treatment results for high concentration wastewater, and the removal rates of COD, TN, ${\rm{NH}}_4^{+} $-N and TP were 89.56%, 82.66%, 88.89% and 83.32% after 20 d treatment. Houttuynia cordata presented the remarkable removal rates of TN and ${\rm{NH}}_4^{+} $-N, which were 83.52%%~85.50%% and 77.40%~89.33% for wastewater with different concentration gradients, respectively. However, Houttuynia cordata had poor purification effect on phosphorus, and might be suitable for polluted water treatment with high nitrogen and low phosphorus. Floscopa scandens had good TP removal effect with the highest removal rate of 91.43% in three kinds of wastewater. The result suggests that Floscopa scandens may be suitable for treatment of municipal wastewater with low nitrogen and high phosphorus concentrations.
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