毕冬雪^1,2,,
邓亚娟¹,
孟凡德^1,2,
韦婧¹,
王海龙³,
袁国栋¹
1.中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所，中国科学院海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室，烟台 264003
2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
3.广东大众农业科技有限公司，东莞 523169
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0200303）
国家自然科学基金资助项目（41501522）
山东省重点研发计划（2016CYJS05A01-1）
东莞市第一批引进创新科研团队（2014607101003）

Humic nanoparticles for remediation of Cd- contaminated soils

BI Dongxue^1,2,,
DENG Yajuan¹,
MENG Fande^1,2,
WEI Jing¹,
WANG Hailong³,
YUAN Guodong¹
1.Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3.Guangdong Dazhong Agriculture Science Co.Ltd., Dongguan 523169, China

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摘要:外源腐殖质可改变土壤镉（Cd）的含量和状态。以风化煤为原料制备的不溶性胡敏酸为吸附剂，对比研究了其对冶炼厂周边污染土壤及人工模拟污染土壤中Cd的钝化效果。再以泥炭为原料，制备富里酸钾为主的水溶性腐殖酸钾为淋洗剂，用于活化、去除上述2种土壤中的Cd。结果表明，胡敏酸在砂质的人工模拟污染土壤中钝化效果更好，2%的剂量可使土壤中CaCl2提取态Cd的浓度（0.103 mg·L-1）降低19.7%。腐殖酸钾去除土壤Cd的效率随淋洗剂浓度增加而提高，在10 g·L-1的浓度时，单次淋洗可去除高达38.1%的Cd。傅里叶变换红外光谱分析表明，腐殖质与Cd反应后形成了羧酸盐。因此，腐殖质纳米颗粒既可以钝化土壤中的Cd，也可以活化土壤中的Cd，从而达到修复Cd污染土壤的目的。其关键在于根据钝化或活化的目标，选择溶解度适当的腐殖质材料。
关键词: 镉/
腐殖质/
土壤修复/
重金属钝化剂/
重金属淋洗剂

Abstract:Extraneous humic substances could alter the dynamics of Cd in soils. An insoluble humic acid, produced from a leonardite, was used in laboratory experiment as an adsorbent to immobilize Cd in a silt-loam soil near a smelting plant and a Cd-spiked and aged sandy-loam soil, whereas a soluble peat-derived potassium humate was employed as a washing agent to mobilize Cd in, and remove it out of, the contaminated soils. Addition of 2% humic acid could reduce CaCl2 extractable Cd in a soil (0.103 mg·L-1) by 19.7%. This immobilization effect was greater in sandy-loam soil than in silt-loam soil. Similarly, Cd removed from the contaminated soils increased with washing agent dosage. A single washing at 10 g·L-1 of potassium humate removed up to 38.1% of the total Cd in soils. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis indicated the formation of Cd-carboxyl complex. This study suggests that Cd-contaminated soils can be remediated by humic substances through either an immobilization or mobilization process. The key to the success is to select humic substances with a suitable solubility: water insoluble humic acid for Cd immobilization and water soluble potassium humate for effective removal of Cd out of soils.
Key words:cadmium/
humic substance/
soil remediation/
heavy metal stabilizer/
soil heavy metal washing agent.

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腐殖质纳米颗粒对镉污染土壤的修复

毕冬雪^1,2,,
邓亚娟¹,
孟凡德^1,2,
韦婧¹,
王海龙³,
袁国栋¹
1.中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所，中国科学院海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室，烟台 264003
2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
3.广东大众农业科技有限公司，东莞 523169
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0200303） 国家自然科学基金资助项目（41501522） 山东省重点研发计划（2016CYJS05A01-1） 东莞市第一批引进创新科研团队（2014607101003）
关键词: 镉/
腐殖质/
土壤修复/
重金属钝化剂/
重金属淋洗剂
摘要:外源腐殖质可改变土壤镉（Cd）的含量和状态。以风化煤为原料制备的不溶性胡敏酸为吸附剂，对比研究了其对冶炼厂周边污染土壤及人工模拟污染土壤中Cd的钝化效果。再以泥炭为原料，制备富里酸钾为主的水溶性腐殖酸钾为淋洗剂，用于活化、去除上述2种土壤中的Cd。结果表明，胡敏酸在砂质的人工模拟污染土壤中钝化效果更好，2%的剂量可使土壤中CaCl2提取态Cd的浓度（0.103 mg·L-1）降低19.7%。腐殖酸钾去除土壤Cd的效率随淋洗剂浓度增加而提高，在10 g·L-1的浓度时，单次淋洗可去除高达38.1%的Cd。傅里叶变换红外光谱分析表明，腐殖质与Cd反应后形成了羧酸盐。因此，腐殖质纳米颗粒既可以钝化土壤中的Cd，也可以活化土壤中的Cd，从而达到修复Cd污染土壤的目的。其关键在于根据钝化或活化的目标，选择溶解度适当的腐殖质材料。

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