中文关键词生物炭稻田温室气体排放综合增温潜势土壤呼吸 英文关键词biocharpaddy croplandGHG emissionGWPsoil respiration

作者	单位	E-mail
祁乐	西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400716	ql281142@email.swu.edu.cn
高明	西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400716 三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400715	gaoming@swu.edu.cn
郭晓敏	西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400716
牛海东	西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400716
李婷	西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400716
孙涛	西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400716
曹群羚	西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400716
汤镓豪	西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400716

中文摘要 为探究生物炭施用量对紫色水稻土温室气体排放的影响，通过盆栽试验，采用静态暗箱/气相色谱法，研究了不施肥对照（CK）、常规施肥（NPK）、10 t·hm^-2生物炭+NPK（LBC）、20 t·hm^-2生物炭+NPK（MBC）、40 t·hm^-2生物炭+NPK（HBC）这5种处理下温室气体的排放规律.结果表明：①生物炭施用显著降低了土壤CH₄排放通量，其排放通量大小顺序为：NPK > CK > LBC > MBC > HBC，各处理CH₄排放通量均呈单峰型曲线，峰值主要集中在水稻的生长后期，整个观测期CH₄的排放通量在-0.05~47.34 mg·（m²·h）^-1之间；各处理CO₂排放通量变化较复杂，介于32.95~1350.88 mg·（m²·h）^-1之间，除LBC和MBC处理呈双峰型曲线外，其余处理均呈单峰型，不同生物炭施用量处理均延后了CO₂排放通量峰值出现的时间；N₂O的排放通量在-309.39~895.48 μg·（m²·h）^-1之间，除LBC处理呈双峰型曲线变化外，其余处理均呈单峰型曲线；②与空白对照处理相比，生物炭处理均可显著降低CH₄的累积排放量，而促进了CO₂和N₂O累积排放量，CH₄、CO₂和N₂O的平均累积排放量从大到小分别为CK > LBC > MBC > HBC处理、LBC > MBC > HBC > CK处理和HBC > MBC≈LBC > CK处理；与常规施肥处理相比，不同施用量生物炭添加均可显著降低CH₄和CO₂的排放，且生物炭添加量越多，对CH₄和CO₂排放的减缓作用越明显，但是对N₂O排放的抑制作用尚不明显；③在100 a时间尺度上各生物炭处理可显著降低温室气体的综合增温潜势，表明生物炭配施化肥是一种有效的减排措施. 英文摘要 In order to explore the effects of different amounts of biochar applied in purple paddy soil on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, potted experiments using a static opaque chamber and gas chromatography method were used to study the regulations and influences of biochar on soil greenhouse gas emission using five treatments:no fertilizer (CK), conventional fertilization (NPK), 10 t ·hm^-2 biochar+NPK (LBC), 20 t ·hm^-2 biochar+NPK (MBC), and 40 t ·hm^-2 biochar+NPK (HBC). ① Soil CH₄ emission flux reduced significantly with all biochar application treatments; the emission flux followed the order, from large to small, of NPK > CK > LBC > MBC > HBC. The CH₄ emission flux of each treatment showed a single peak curve, and the peak value was mainly concentrated in the late growth stage of the paddy cropland. During the entire observation period, the emission flux of CH₄ was between -0.05 mg ·(m² ·h)^-1 and 47.34 mg ·(m² ·h)^-1. The CO₂ emission flux of each treatment was complicated and ranged from 32.95 mg ·(m² ·h)^-1 to 1350.88 mg ·(m² ·h)^-1. The CO₂ emission flux of the LBC and MBC treatments showed bimodal curves, and the CO₂ emission flux of other treatments showed single peak curves. In addition, all biochar treatments delayed the peak time of the CO₂ emission flux. The N₂O emission flux of each treatment ranged from -309.39 to 895.48 μg ·(m² ·h)^-1, and the N₂O emission flux of the LBC treatment showed a bimodal curve, while other treatments showed single peak curves. ② Compared with the CK treatment, biochar treatment can significantly reduce the cumulative emissions of CH₄ and promote the cumulative emissions of CO₂ and N₂O. The average amount of CH₄ cumulative emissions followed the order CK > LBC > MBC > HBC, while the average amount of CO₂ cumulative emissions followed LBC > MBC > HBC > CK, and the average amount of N₂O cumulative emissions followed HBC > MBC≈LBC > CK. Compared with conventional fertilization treatment, different application rates of biochar addition significantly reduced CH₄ and CO₂ emissions. As more biochar was added, CH₄ and CO₂ cumulative emissions were lower. Although the regulation of N₂O cumulative emissions on biochar addition was not obvious, the application of nitrogen fertilizer could promote the emission flux of N₂O to some extent. ③ Over the time scale of 100 years, the integrated global warming potentials (GWP) of CH₄ and N₂O emission under different biochar treatment were decreased significantly, indicating that biochar combined with chemical fertilizer is an effective GHG emission reduction measure.

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