中文摘要 为了探讨生物炭施用对土壤理化及生物学特性的影响，在田间条件下研究了不同用量（0、10、20、40 t·hm-2）生物炭施用3a后植烟褐土真菌的群落结构特征，并分析了其与土壤环境因子的关系.结果表明，土壤添加生物炭3 a后显著提高了土壤pH、含水率、总有机碳（TOC）和总氮（TN）含量，而降低了土壤容重和溶解性有机碳（DOC）含量.Illumina MiSeq测序结果表明，生物炭的添加对土壤真菌α多样性影响不大，但能显著改变真菌群落结构.物种注释结果表明，所有样本中真菌优势菌群均为子囊菌门（Ascomycota）、接合菌门（Zygomycota）和担子菌门（Basidiomycota），其相对丰度之和占所有可注释真菌丰度的90%以上.生物炭提高了子囊菌门和担子菌门的相对丰度，降低了接合菌门的相对丰度.在属水平上，生物炭增加了链格孢属（Alternaria）、锥盖伞属（Conocybe）和曲霉属（Aspergillus）真菌的相对丰度，降低了放射毛霉（Actinomucor）和赤霉菌（Gibberella）的相对丰度.冗余分析（RDA）及Mantel检验结果说明，土壤DOC、pH和含水率是影响褐土真菌群落结构的主要环境因子.综上，生物炭施用3 a后对土壤理化特性有显著的影响，这些环境因子的改变驱动了土壤真菌群落的生态演替. 英文摘要 To identify the effect of biochar addition on soil abiotic and biotic properties and provide evidence for the soil improvement with biochar input, the soil physiochemical properties and fungal community were investigated in a cinnamon soil after 3-year biochar additions of 10, 20, and 40 t ·hm-2. The relationship between the fungal community and edaphic physicochemical characteristics was also analyzed. The results showed that soil pH, moisture, total nitrogen (TN), and total organic carbon (TOC) significantly increased but dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content and soil bulk density decreased with biochar addition. High-throughput sequencing results indicated that biochar amendment had little influence on fungal α diversity but significantly changed the fungal community structure. The taxonomic classification showed that the dominant fungal phyla were Ascomycota, Zygomycota, and Basidiomycota, and these phyla accounted for more than 90% of the total sequences. The relative abundance of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota increased, while the abundance of Zygomycota decreased with biochar addition. At the genus level, biochar addition increased the relative abundances of Alternaria, Conocybe, and Aspergillus but decreased the relative abundances of Actinomucor and Gibberella. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that soil DOC, pH, and moisture were key environmental factors leading to the shift in the soil fungal community composition. In summary, the application of biochar changed the soil physicochemical properties, which drove the ecological succession of soil fungal communities.
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