摘要:实施洞庭湖区"山水林田湖草"生态修复工程，是践行生态文明理念、遵循自然规律、破解生态环境保护难题的关键措施。由于自然灾害及人类不合理利用等因素影响，洞庭湖区生态问题日益严重，对洞庭湖区生态系统均衡和可持续发展带来威胁。基于恢复生态学理论，以洞庭湖区为研究对象，采用物能循环和物能转化的生态学原则分析洞庭湖区存在土壤重金属污染、水环境、生物多样性与植被退化和农村土地利用的生态问题，明确了"山水林田湖草"生命共同体中各要素及相应形成的子系统存在的相互联系和相互制约的关系，厘清洞庭湖区生态系统的生态退化过程和生态退化机制，就此提出重构生态水体、重建生态地质地貌和重现生态景观的生态恢复策略，提出妥善解决和处理洞庭湖区的生态恢复及亟需进行环境整治问题，实现自然景观的恢复重构。通过构建洞庭湖区生态系统恢复的测度指标体系和洞庭湖区生态系统恢复的监测与管控，实现洞庭湖区"山水林田湖草"生态恢复的目标。



Abstract:Carrying out the ecological restoration project of "landscapes, forests, fields, lakes and grasses" in Dongting Lake area is a key measure to put the concept of ecological civilization into practice, follow the natural law and solve the problems of ecological and environmental protection. As a result of natural disasters and irrational human use, the ecological problems in the Dongting Lake region are becoming more and more serious, posing a threat to the balance and sustainable development of the ecosystem. Based on the Theory of Restoration Ecology, taking the Dongting Lake area as the research object, such ecological problems as soil heavy metal pollution, water environment, biodiversity and vegetation degradation, and rural land use in the Dongting Lake region are analyzed by adopting the ecological principles of material-energy cycle and material-energy conversion. The interrelationship and mutual restriction of the various elements and corresponding subsystems in the life community of "landscape, forest, field, lake and grass" are made clear, and the ecological degradation process and ecological degradation mechanism of the Dongting Lake ecosystem are clarified. In this regard, the ecological restoration strategies of reconstructing ecological water bodies, reconstructing ecological geological landforms and recreating ecological landscapes are proposed, to properly solve and deal with the ecological restoration of the Dongting Lake area and the urgent need for environmental improvement are put forward so as to realize the restoration and reconstruction of natural landscape. By constructing the indicator system of ecosystem restoration in Dongting Lake area and the monitoring and management of ecosystem restoration in this area, the goal of ecological restoration of the "landscape, forest, field, lake and grass" in the Dongting Lake area will be achieved.





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