摘要:中国社会经济快速转型背景下土地利用变化所引发的环境问题被广泛关注。以土地利用现状遥感监测数据和统计资料为数据源，借助ArcGIS和SIMCA-P软件平台，基于"三生"空间视角，通过生态环境质量指数测度了1980-2018年甘肃省土地利用转型的生态环境效应，并运用偏最小二乘法揭示生态环境质量演变的驱动机制。研究发现：（1）"三生"空间结构演化和地域分异显著。生产、生活空间集中分布于河西走廊、陇中和陇东黄土高原并呈扩张态势；生态空间主要分布于陇南山地、甘南高原、祁连山地和河西走廊以北地带且整体呈缩减趋势；生产、生活空间的增长源于对生态空间的侵占。（2）生态环境质量改善和恶化趋势并存，整体上经历了先下降后上升的"U"形演化过程；空间上呈"东南高-西北低"的分布特征，空间格局演化具有明显的集聚性。（3）生态建设、科技进步等对生态环境改善具有明显的促进作用；而人口增加、社会消费水平提升在一定程度上加剧了生态环境压力；对外贸易对生态环境的影响具有双面性。



Abstract:Against the backdrop of rapid social and economic development in China, environmental problems caused by land use change have been widely concerned. Using the remote sensing monitoring data and statistical data and based on the perspective of "production-living-ecological" spaces, this paper measured the eco-environmental effect of land use transformation in Gansu Province from 1980 to 2018 through the eco-environmental quality index. The driving mechanism of the evolution of eco-environmental quality was analyzed using Partial Least Squares regression model based on ArcGIS and SIMCA-P software platform. The results showed that: (1) from 1980 to 2018, the spatial structure evolution and regional differentiation of "production-living-ecological" spaces were obvious. The production and living spaces were concentrated in Hexi Corridor, Longzhong and Longdong Loess Plateau, having an increased trend, with an increase of 1290.53 km² and 928.59 km² respectively. The ecological space was mainly distributed in the Longnan Mountains, Gannan Plateau, Qilian Mountains, and the north of the Hexi Corridor, and had a decreased trend during the study period, with a decreased of 2219.12 km². The reason for expansion of production and living spaces was mainly due to the decreased of ecological space, especially a large amount of pasture ecological lands transferred into agricultural production lands. (2) The trends of deteriorating and improving of eco-environmental quality coexisted, and under certain conditions they offset each other, and thus the overall eco-environmental quality remained relatively stable. During the study period, the eco-environmental quality index decreased from 0.2661 in 1980 to 0.2653 in 2000, and then increased to 0.2682 in 2018, showing a "U" type evolution process. In terms of the spatial distribution of eco-environmental quality, it showed the southeast high and northwest low characteristics in study area. The pattern evolution showed an obvious agglomeration characteristics, a deterioration area of eco-environmental quality in Longzhong around Lanzhou City, and the improvement area of eco-environmental quality in Hexi and Longdong around Jiayuguan City and Qingyang City. (3) The ecological construction and scientific and technological progresses played a significant role in promoting the improvement of eco-environmental quality, while population increase and the improvement of social consumption level had increased the pressure on the ecological environment to some extent. The impact of foreign trade on the ecological environment had two sides with exports increased the pressure on the ecological environment, while imports improved the ecological environment. The results from the current study can provide a base for utilization of land resources and ecological environment protection, and are of great significance for regional sustainable development.





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