摘要:交通路网建设在促进贫困地区经济发展的同时给生态环境带来了诸多影响，处理好两者之间的关系对实现经济-生态的协同发展具有十分重要的意义。基于重庆市贫困区县奉节县和非贫困区县涪陵区2010年、2014年和2018年3年的道路网络数据和生态足迹数据，构建道路网络通达度与生态环境压力两个指标体系，其中道路网络通达度选用道路密度和道路连通度两个指标表征，生态环境压力使用生态足迹表征，并将生态足迹中对路网扩张影响最大的"建设用地"和"化石能源用地"进行加和组成"建-化足迹"，通过计算增幅率指数比较道路密度、道路连通度及"建-化足迹"三者之间的变化趋势，以探究生态足迹内部与道路通达度之间的关系。结果显示：（1）西南山区贫困与非贫困区县道路连通度、道路密度、生态赤字、"建-化足迹"四项指标逐年增长，总体变化趋势一致，贫困区县在研究时段呈现更快速的增长趋势。（2）西南山区贫困与非贫困区县研究时段生态环境压力进一步扩大，表明经济-生态的发展整体处于不协调状态，且有持续恶化的趋势。（3）西南山区贫困区县"建-化足迹"与道路连通度两项指标研究时段内增幅率分别为0.40和0.42，故两者关系较为一致，表明其道路布局结构对生态环境压力更大；非贫困区县"建-化足迹"与道路密度两项指标研究时段内增幅率分别为0.34和0.33，故两者关系较为一致，表明其生态环境压力更多受到道路建设规模的影响。因此，研究结论对于制定山区贫困县交通基础设施建设、生态环境规划与区域发展战略等具有参考价值。



Abstract:While promoting the economic development in poor areas, the construction of traffic network has also brought many influences on the ecological environment in many aspects. It is of great significance to deal with the relationship between economic development and ecological environment for realizing the coordinated development of economy and ecology. The study based on the poor county district Fengjie and the non-poor county Fuling of Chongqing in three time nodes in 2010, 2014 and 2018. We are trying to use the road network data and ecological footprint data of these three years to build two index systems of road network accessibility and ecological environment pressure. The road network accessibility degree to choose the way of two indicators of road density and road connectivity to representation, ecological environment pressure was chosen by using the ecological footprint of characterization to explore. The factors "construction land" and "fossil energy land" that have greatest impact on the expansion of the road network in the ecological footprint will be added up to form "construction-chemical footprint". And then by calculating growth rate index comparison road density, road connectivity, and "construction-chemical footprint" after the change trend between the three to explore the changes of the internal ecological footprint and the relationship between the road accessibility degrees. The results showed us as the followings below: (1) The four indicators of road connectivity, road density, ecological deficit and "construction-chemical footprint" increased year by year in the poor and non-poor areas in southwest mountainous areas, and the overall trend of change was almost same. And especially the poor area and county showed a faster growth trend than another during the researching period. (2) The ecological environment pressure of the poor and non-poor areas in the southwest mountainous area was further expanded during the researching period, which that seems to indicate that the overall relationship between economic construction and ecological development is in a state of disharmony and may continue to deteriorate. (3) During the researching period, the increase rates of the "construction-chemical footprint" and road connectivity in the poor mountainous areas of Southwest China were 0.40 and 0.42 respectively. Therefore, the relationship between them is consistent. It's indicating that the road layout structure has greater pressure on the ecosystem. In the study period, the increase rates of "construction-chemical footprint" and road density in non-poor areas are 0.34 and 0.33 respectively, so the relationship between them is relatively consistent, indicating that the ecological environment pressure is more affected by the scale of road construction. The conclusions of this research have reference value for the development of transportation infrastructure, ecological environment planning and regional development strategy in poor mountainous counties.





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