摘要:基于北京市退耕还林工程区典型样地调查和北京市林业果树科学研究院多年以来对退耕还林生态系统服务功能的监测数据，依据中华人民共和国国家标准《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》（GB/T 38582-2020）和中华人民共和国林业行业标准《退耕还林工程生态效益监测与评估规范》（LY/T 2573-2016），分别从涵养水源、固碳释氧、保育土壤、林木积累营养物质、净化大气环境和保护生物多样性六项功能指标，对退耕还林生态效益物质量与价值量进行定量评估。结果表明，截至2018年，北京市退耕还林生态系统服务功能总价值量为18.92亿元/a，其中以涵养水源（41.15%）、固碳释氧（26.73%）和净化大气环境（17.27%）分项指标的贡献作用较大。比较北京市退耕还林工程行政区间生态效益价值量大小，发现退耕面积和北京城市总体规划中各行政区功能定位为主要影响因素，其中以密云区价值量最大为4.48亿元/a，占北京市退耕还林生态系统服务功能总价值量的25.56%。退耕工程区内板栗（29.51%）、仁用杏（13.54%）、核桃（12.57%）所贡献的生态系统服务功能价值量位列前三。不同林分类型单位面积价值量排序为生态林 > 生态经济兼用林 > 鲜果林。因此，建议遵循生态优先、适地适树、分类施策的原则，制定退耕还林成果保护政策，并根据各行政区生态价值评估结果确定生态补偿额度和补偿年限，为退耕还林分类补偿政策制定、低质低效林分改造和退耕还林生态系统监测网络体系奠定理论与实践基础。



Abstract:The typical sample investigation on the project areas and continuous observations of evaluation indexes in ecosystem service function frame on the Grain for Green Project in Beijing were conducted by Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences. The material quantities and the values of the ecological benefits of the Project were quantitatively assessed and analyzed by six functional evaluation indexes of water storage, carbon fixation and oxygen release, soil conservation, nutrients accumulation, atmospheric purification and biodiversity protection, according to the National Standard of the People's Republic of China "Specifications for Assessment of Forest Ecosystem Services"(GB/T 38582-2020) and the Forestry Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China "Specification of Monitoring and Evaluation of Ecological Benefits of Grain for Green Project"(LY/T 2573-2016), respectively. The results showed that the total value of ecosystem service function for Grain for Green Project by 2018 was 1.892 billion yuan per year in Beijing. The water storage (41.15%), carbon fixation and oxygen release (26.73%) and atmospheric purification (17.27%) those were embodied in the evaluation index frame for the Project contributed larger proportions to the total value of ecosystem service function for the Project. The covered areas and the functional orientations of administrative districts from Beijing City Master Plan are proven to be the main influential factors to evaluate the values of ecological benefits in the districts involved in the Project. Miyun District had the largest value of 448 million yuan per year, accounting for 25.56% of the total value of the ecosystem service function for the Project. The values of ecosystem service function contributed by Castanea spp. (29.51%), Armeniaca spp. (13.54%) and Juglans spp. (12.57%) were on the value list of the first three. The values per unit area of different forest types were as follows: ecological forest > eco-economic forest > fresh fruit forest. Therefore, it is suggested to formulate the protection policies for the achievements of Grain for Green Project following the principles of ecological priority, matching trees with the sites, and classified implementation. The amounts and durations of ecological compensation can be determined according to the evaluations on the values of ecosystem service functions for each district. It will lay the foundations on the theories and practices for the establishment of classification compensation policies, the improvement of low quality and low efficiency forests and the construction of ecosystem monitoring network systems for Grain for Green Project in Beijing.





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