摘要:现有城市生态系统健康研究多集中在城市及城市群层面，未能深入探究城市内部特征。鉴于此，聚焦区县生态系统健康状况，进一步探究城市内部的健康分布特征；提出了"发展水平-服务功能-抵御干扰-自我维育"四维区县生态系统健康评价框架，并建立了相应的多层级指标体系，构建了区县生态系统健康评价模型；在分析区县生态系统健康变化过程及空间分异特征的基础上，识别区县生态系统健康的主要贡献因子。针对东莞各镇区的研究结果表明：1995-2015年间，各镇区生态系统健康状态总体趋于恶化，其中西南地区生态系统的退化比东南地区更为明显。自我维育对各镇区生态系统健康变化具有重要影响，主要瓶颈在于快速发展过程中土地资源的稀缺及较低的利用效率。对区县生态系统健康的研究可以帮助决策者了解城市生态系统复杂的内部特征，在此基础上更好地平衡区域发展、维护城市生态系统健康。



Abstract:With the rapid urbanization, the urban population continues to increase, and the land use changes increasingly, which may induce the deterioration of ecosystems and cause threat to urban sustainable development. As an effective tool of systematic analysis, the concept of urban ecosystem health can be introduced to comprehensively evaluate the development status of cities and provide a systematic diagnosis for urban ecosystems. It is found that existing health studies on urban ecosystems mostly focus on the scale of cities and urban agglomerations, but few studies have concretely analyzed differences within cities, which is right important for urban ecological management. In order to further explore the characteristics of health distribution within cities, we paid attention to the ecosystem health at county scale in this paper. After analyzing the key characteristics of ecosystem health, we first proposed a new four-dimensional evaluation framework of county ecosystem health including "development level-service function-resistance of disturbance-maintenance". And then we established a multi-layer evaluation index system of county ecosystem health composed of 20 indicators. The evaluation model of weighted sum was also constructed. In addition, the key contribution factors of county ecosystem health were identified based on the analysis of change of county ecosystem health and spatial differentiation features. It is indicated that the state of ecosystem health showed a common tendency of deterioration for the 32 counties of Dongguan from 1995 to 2015, while the degradation of the southwest region (e.g., Houjie and Shatian) was more serious than those of the southeast region (e.g., Huangjiang and Qingxi). Among the four dimensions of "development level-service function-resistance of disturbance-maintenance", we found that maintenance has been exerting a great impact on the county ecosystem health, leading to changes of ecosystem health. It is further found that there were two main limiting factors of country ecosystem health, i.e., the scarcity of land and its low usage efficiency. To improve the urban ecosystem health level of Dongguan, it is suggested to improve the usage efficiency of land and other resources, and further adjust the development model and industrial structure. For example, we can release the land stock market by three-old transformation; promote ecological protection and especially ensure the health of water, soil and forest; make use of the location advantages of Dongguan to optimize the industrial structure of various counties. It is concluded that the study on county ecosystem health can help decision-makers better understand the complicated internal characteristics in urban ecosystems, which is useful for balancing regional development and maintaining the health of urban ecosystem.





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