摘要:土地利用变化对亚洲象生境影响显著，明晰其影响机制是有效保护亚洲象的前提。为探明土地利用变化对亚洲象生境影响的时空过程及机制，以亚洲象残存的中-缅跨境流域-南滚河流域为例，在1988和2018年两期Landsat土地利用/土地覆被遥感分类图的基础上，采用LandTrendr算法检测30年间流域土地利用变化引起的天然林扰动，结合生态位因子分析（ENFA）模型评定的亚洲象生境适宜性分布，探究以天然林扰动为主的土地利用变化对亚洲象生境的影响。结果表明：（1）1988-2018年间，南滚河流域土地利用变化主要为天然林转化为其他地类，且天然林扰动强度在中、缅境内差异明显；（2）以橡胶种植扩张导致毁林为主的土地利用变化造成南滚河流域亚洲象生境萎缩，生境斑块间连通性降低，破碎化程度较高；（3）该流域亚洲象生境丧失过程表现为由边缘向内部逐渐被蚕食，适宜生境最终被分割为上、下游两个相互孤立的子区域。因此，抑制以橡胶林为主的热作种植扩张，恢复上、下游生境连通性，建立流域尺度的跨境保护区，是实现南滚河流域亚洲象种群保护和缓解人象冲突的重要途径。



Abstract:Land use change exerts a significant effect on the Asian elephant's habitat, and understanding the impact mechanism is a prerequisite for effective protection for this endangered species. To explore the spatiotemporal processes and mechanisms of land use changes and their impacts on the Asian elephant's habitat, LandTrendr algorithm was used to detect annual natural forest disturbances in Nangun River Basin, a China-Myanmar cross border region, based on Landsat time-series images for 1988 to 2018 together with land use/land cover classification maps of 1988 and 2018. The Ecological Niche Factor Analysis (ENFA) model was employed to evaluate the habitat suitability of the Nangun River Basin for Asian elephants. The results show that (1) from 1988 to 2018, land use changes were mainly characterized by rubber plantation expansion and severe natural forest loss, and the areas of disturbed forest differed greatly between China and Myanmar. (2) Drastic deforestation resulted from remarkable rubber plantation expansion led to the area loss, and the decline of connectivity of the Asian elephant's habitat. (3) The Asian elephant's habitat in the basin was gradually encroached from the edge to the interior so that the upstream and downstream suitable habitats were isolated because of severe deforestation in the cross-border regions between China and Myanmar. Thus, reversing the expansion of tropical cash crops like rubber trees, to restore the habitat connectivity between China and Myanmar through establishing a cross-border basin-wide natural reserve is a critical path to protect Asian elephant and to mitigate human-elephant conflict.





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