摘要:江苏镇江长江豚类省级自然保护区是长江下游江段长江江豚的最主要的栖息地之一。为了解江豚主要栖息地的浮游动物群落结构，于2016年1月至2018年10月对保护区水域浮游动物进行了现状调查，分析了浮游动物群落时空结构变化特征及其与环境因子的关系。研究共发现浮游动物4门41属90种，其中原生动物种类数最多，为40种，其次为桡足类和枝角类，而轮虫类较少。三年共确定优势种8种，以食藻类原生动物为主要优势类群。保护区浮游动物群落小型化趋势明显。浮游动物密度和生物量季节性差异显著（P<0.05），总体上呈现夏、秋季较春、冬季高的现象。Pearson相关性和RDA分析结果显示，水温、溶氧、pH和氮营养盐是造成浮游动物群落显著差异的主要环境因子。根据浮游动物群落结构特征及渔产潜力综合评估结果显示，与历史资料相比，保护区水生态环境有所改善，但渔业资源匮乏的局面没有得到根本性的改变，江豚的食物资源状况依然不容乐观。本研究结果为镇江保护区江豚栖息地生态环境的监测和保护研究提供了数据资料和理论依据。



Abstract:The Zhenjiang Yangtze Dolphin Nature Reserve in Jiangsu Province is the one of the primary habitats of the Yangtze finless porpoise habitat in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In order to understand the community characteristics of zooplankton (including protozoa, rotifer, cladocerans and copepods), a filed investigation of zooplankton was conducted in the Zhenjiang Yangtze Dolphin Nature Reserve from January 2016 to October 2018. The temporal and spatial variations in zooplankton community structure and their relationship with environmental factors were analyzed. A total of 4 phyla, 41 genera, and 90 species of zooplankton were identified, which dominated mostly by protozoa (40 species), while rotifer, cladocerans and copepods were rather rare. A total of 8 dominant species were identified in all years, the zooplankton community in Zhenjiang nature reserve is generally miniaturized and dominated by protozoa (7 species) that feed on phytoplankton. The zooplankton density and biomass have significantly seasonal difference (P<0.05), and the temporal variability showed a trend that highest in summer and autumn, lowest in spring and winter. Pearson correlation and RDA analysis showed that water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and total Nitrogen were main factors related to significant differences in zooplankton communities among seasons. The variations of zooplankton community characteristics and fish potential production estimation through zooplankton indicated that, the aquatic ecology environment of nature reserve has improved when compared with historic data, but the situation of lack of fishery resources has not been changed yet, and nutrition requirements for porpoise were not optimistic. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for ecology monitoring and protective research of porpoise habitat in Zhenjiang Nature Reserve.





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