摘要:水稻是重要粮食作物之一，水稻田灌溉导致其下垫面性质独特，具有"冷湿效应"，进而直接影响区域气候。基于Landsat8 TIRS热红外遥感数据反演地表温度，刻画三江平原水田种植核心区的热环境空间格局，以景观生态学格局-过程理论为视角，量化水田景观格局对水田内部地表温度分异的影响，以及对周边区域热环境的影响范围及幅度。结果表明：（1）与水田、旱田空间分布相对应，研究区地表温度具有空间极化特点，水田与旱田平均地表温差为-7.8℃。（2）水田内部的平均地表温度与水田斑块大小、连通性呈负相关，与形状呈正相关。（3）水田对周边降温距离为60-300m，降温幅度为0.05-9.7℃。其中，水田内部温度场对降温距离和幅度的影响最大，呈负相关；水田斑块大小、内部连通性与降温距离及幅度之间为正向相关，而水田形状的影响最弱。研究从水田与周边地表热环境交互影响的角度，强调了物质、能量横向传输的非线性过程在农田灌溉的气候效应研究中的重要作用。



Abstract:Rice is one of the important food crops. Paddy fields have the specifically underlying surface due to irrigation-Cold-Humid Effect, which leads to direct influence on the regional climate. This study retrieved the land surface temperature based on thermal infrared data of Landsat8 TIRS, and depicted the spatial pattern of thermal environment for the paddy-planting core region in the Sanjiang Plain. From the perspective of pattern and process of Landscape Ecology theory, this study quantified the impact of paddy field landscape pattern on the spatial differentiation of the internal land surface temperature, and the influenced range and degree on the local thermal environments. The result showed that (1) the land surface temperature had the spatial polarization feature, which matched with spatial distribution of paddy fields and dry croplands. The difference of averaged land surface temperature between paddy fields and dry croplands was -7.8℃. (2) The averaged land surface temperature of paddy fields was negatively correlated with the size and connectivity of paddy fields, and positively correlated with their shape. (3) The cooling distances of paddy fields were between 60 m and 300 m, and the cooling degree was between 0.05 ℃ and 9.7 ℃. The internal temperature of paddy fields had the most influential effect to the cooling distance and degree, which were negatively correlated. The size and connectivity of paddy fields were positively correlated with the cooling distance and degree. The shape of paddy field had the least cooling influence. In the view of the interaction between the paddy field landscape and local thermal environment, this study emphasized the importance of the nonlinear transverse transmission of matter and energy in the study of the climate effects of agricultural irrigation.





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