摘要:珠穆朗玛峰保护地是全球重要的生态保护地和享誉世界的生态旅游目的地，开展该区域的生态系统文化服务研究将有助于了解人与环境相互作用产生的无形价值收益。通过近10年的实地调查，结合网络大数据采集，建立了覆盖珠峰南北坡6个保护地的生态系统文化服务POI数据库，合计116处18个类型。运用生态系统服务制图、线性回归模型等方法，开展研究区文化服务POI空间分布特点分析及评价。研究表明：（1）珠峰北坡保护地的文化服务POI共76处，定日县占总数的73.68%，珠峰南坡保护地的文化服务POI共40处，萨加玛塔国家公园占总数的67.5%，珠峰自然保护区定日县境内和尼泊尔萨加玛塔国家公园是珠峰南北坡保护地文化服务POI的集中区域，文化服务POI在珠峰保护区核心区和尼泊尔国家公园占57.75%，珠峰南北坡保护地的核心区域也是文化服务价值最高的区域；（2）文化服务价值排序为美学价值（280分） > 经济价值（213分） > 信仰价值（200分） > 治疗价值（188分） > 游憩价值（169分），为游客提供精神享受的美学价值是该区域提供的最重要的文化服务价值类型；（3）通过高程、NDVI和坡度3个环境因子与116个文化服务POI进行皮尔森显著性检验，高程与文化服务总价值呈现高相关性（P=0.004）。通过回归关系计算，高程与美学价值、生命可持续价值、生计价值等回归结果可信度较高。文化服务价值及其各个方面受高程因子的影响最为显著。研究结果为进一步开展生态系统服务研究，促进中国-尼泊尔在珠峰南北坡保护地的可持续发展，推进第三极生态安全屏障建设提供科学支持。



Abstract:The protected area of the Mt. Qomolangma is an important ecological protected area in the world and a world-renowned eco-tourism destination too. Research of cultural ecosystem services (CES) in this area will help us to understand the intangible value benefits generated by the interaction between people and environment. In this study, through nearly 10 years of field investigation, combined with online big data collection, we made points of interesting (POI) database of CES including 6 protected areas at the north-south of Mt. Qomolangma, with 116 points and 18 types. Using the mapping of ecosystem service and linear regression model, we analyzed the spatial distribution of the POIs and calculated the value of CES. We found that: (1) there were 76 POIs in the northern area. Tingri County has the largest number of POIs (73.68%). In the south, the Sagarmatha National Park owns 67.5% of the 40 POIs. Tingri County and the Sagarmatha National Park are the most important areas in the study area. The POIs of CES account for 57.75% in the core functional area, which is also the area with the highest CES value. (2) The CES value is ranked as aesthetic value (280 points) > economic value (213 points)> faith value (200 points)> therapeutic value (188 points)> recreation value (169 points). Therefore, the aesthetic value is the most important CES value provided by this area which also provided spiritual enjoyment to the tourists. (3) Through Pearson's significance test, the coefficient of the elevation and total value of CES showed a high correlation (P=0.004). The linear regression results showed that the elevation and aesthetic value, sustainable value of life and livelihood value are more credible. So, the value of CES and its various types are most significantly affected by the elevation factor. The results of this study may provide scientific support for the further development of China-Nepal transboundary cooperation in the protected areas at the north-south of Mt. Qomolangma, together with pushing the construction of the third polar ecological security barrier in the future.





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