摘要:为探究层间藤本植物软枣猕猴桃（Actinidia arguta）在群落中的生长格局和居群动态变化，以燕山区域内的野生软枣猕猴桃为研究对象，采用样圆法分区域进行了野生软枣猕猴桃的居群结构调查，编制了特定时间生命表并绘制存活曲线。结果表明：燕山区域Ⅰ-Ⅱ径级（幼苗阶段）种群个体分别占总数量的15.39%（东段）、31.25%（中段）和30.76%（西段），总体居群结构呈"倒金字塔"型，种群表现出衰退趋势。调查区域软枣猕猴桃的高度结构基本符合连续发育特征，相对完整。燕山东段和中段的软枣猕猴桃较明显地趋近Deevey-Ⅱ型指数函数模型，燕山西段介于Deevey Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型之间，但更接近Ⅱ型；燕山山脉软枣猕猴桃居群整体呈现衰退型特征。软枣猕猴桃有较高的保护价值，但其居群数量稀少，自然更新能力较弱，种群未来的生长繁衍不容乐观，应加强关注与保护力度。



Abstract:Actinidia arguta is an interlayer plant found in forest communities and is a second-class key protected wild plant of China, yet this species has not received adequate attention in previous studies. Comparative study of the vertical pattern of A. arguta in the community in the same mountain range is conducive to the induction of the main causes affecting the population structure and distribution pattern of the species. To explore the growth pattern and population dynamic change of A. arguta, an interlaminar liana plant in the community, the population structure of wild A. arguta in eight national nature reserves in the Yanshan area was investigated using the sample circle method. A specific time life table of A. arguta was compiled and a survival curve was drawn. The results showed that (1) The number of individuals in diameter class I-Ⅱ (seedling stage) accounted for 15.39% (east section), 31.25% (middle section), and 30.76% (west section) of the total population, all of which were not more than half of the total population. With the increase of diameter class, except for the fluctuation in the west section of Yanshan Mountain, the number of individuals in the middle and east sections decreased gradually and the overall population structure of A. arguta was an "inverted pyramid" type, showing a decreasing trend. (2) The height structure of A. arguta in the survey area conformed to the characteristics of continuous development and was relatively complete. The height structure of the eastern section of Yanshan was generally low, with grade I (< 5 m) accounting for 51.62% and no grade IV (> 15 m) plants; trees were distributed in each height level of the middle section of Yanshan, with grade Ⅱ height (5-10 m) accounting for 58.80% of the total; no grade IV (> 15 m) plants appeared in the western section of Yanshan; however, the distribution of grade I and grade Ⅱ (0-10 m) plants was uniform, accounting for 15.38% each, and the third grade (10-15 m) accounted for 69.24%. (3) In the east and middle sections of Yanshan, A. arguta was obviously close to Deevey Ⅱ index function model. In the west section of Yanshan, it was between Deevey Ⅰ and Ⅱ, but was closer to Ⅱ. The survival curve was consistent with the results of the life table. The overall population structure of A. arguta in the Yanshan region showed a declining pattern. As an important germplasm resource in China, A. arguta is widely distributed in the Yanshan area; however, the population is seriously damaged and the species is rare. To promote the sustainable population of A. arguta, the protection and management of this species should be strengthened by investigating the natural distribution of wild A. arguta populations and conducting a scientific analysis of the investigated species and the surrounding environment.





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