摘要:为探讨醉马草水浸液对豌豆蚜触杀活性及种群增长的影响，采用带虫浸叶法比较不同生育期醉马草带菌（E+）和不带菌（E-）水浸液对豌豆蚜触杀活性及种群生命表，测定了豌豆蚜的死亡率及触杀后对其生殖期，平均繁殖力，繁殖率及生命表参数的影响。结果表明，不同生育期醉马草带菌（E+）水浸液触杀豌豆蚜后对其各项指标均有显著影响。在苗期时，E+水浸液触杀豌豆蚜后校正死亡率最高，繁殖力最低，内禀增长率（r_m=0.145 d^-1）和净生殖率（R₀=4.802头）均为最小值。在成熟期时，E+水浸液触杀豌豆蚜24 h、48 h和72 h后校正死亡率分别为26.15%，19.01%，9.07%；繁殖期（3.87 d），平均繁殖力（8.80头），繁殖率（1.40%），内禀增长率（r_m=0.208 d^-1）和净生殖率（R₀=8.820头）。在枯黄期时，E+水浸液触杀豌豆蚜后校正死亡率最低，繁殖力最强，内禀增长率（r_m=0.247 d^-1）和净生殖率（R₀=13.647头）均为最大值。不同生育期醉马草E-水浸液触杀豌豆蚜后对其种群繁殖无显著影响，与对照差异不显著（P>0.05）。综上，苗期醉马草E+水浸液对豌豆蚜有较好的触杀效果，校正死亡率高，且触杀后当代繁殖力减弱，种群扩建时间延长，不利于其种群繁殖和增长；故苗期醉马草E+水浸液具有很好的杀虫潜力，所采用水浸液方法制备简单，成本低，可为新型植物源农药研发提供重要理论依据。



Abstract:To investigate the effects of aqueous extracts of the Achnatherum inebrians on contact activity and population growth of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris). And the method of leaf dipping with insect was compared the effects of the endophyte-infected (E+) and endophyte-free (E-) of aqueous extracts of the Achnatherum inebrians at different growth periods on the contact activity, life table parameters and population growth of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. After the contact activity on the pea aphid of measure the mortality rate, idiophase, average fecundity, reproductive and life table parameters. The results showed that there was the E+ aqueous extract from different growth stages had significant effects on the indexes of pea aphid. At the seedling stage, the adjusted mortality of pea aphid treated by aqueous extracts of E+ was the highest, the fecundity was the lowest, the intrinsic growth rate (r_m=0.145 day^-1) and net reproductive rate (R₀=4.802 offspring) were the minimum values for those. At the maturity, the adjusted mortality rates for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h of the pea aphid treated by aqueous extracts of E+ were 26.15%, 19.01% and 9.07%, respectively. The idiophase (3.87 day), the average fecundity (8.80 offspring), reproductive rate (1.40%), the intrinsic growth rate (r_m=0.208 day^-1) and net reproductive rate (R₀=8.820 offspring) were middle values for those. In the yellow stage, the adjusted mortality rate of the pea aphid treated by aqueous extracts of E+ was the lowest and the fecundity was the strongest; the intrinsic growth rate (r_m=0.247 day^-1) and net reproductive rate (R₀=13.647 offspring) were the maximum values for those. The contact activity of the E- aqueous extracts from the Achnatherum inebrians in different growth periods had no significant effect on the population reproduction of the contemporary pea aphid, which was not different from control (P>0.05) at different growth periods. Overall, the seedling stage of the E+ aqueous extracts of the Achnatherum inebrians showed the contact activity good effect on pea aphid, with the highest adjusted mortality, and the contemporary fecundity is weakened after contact activity, and the population expansion time is prolonged, which is not conducive to its population reproduction and growth. Therefore, the results of E+ aqueous extracts of the Achnatherum inebrians at seedling stage showed a highly promising insecticidal potential, and the relatively simple and low prices of present selected method will provide theoretical basis for the research and development of new green pesticides with high effect and low toxicity in future.





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