付铠,
周启星,
胡献刚^,
南开大学 环境科学与工程学院, 环境污染过程与基准教育部重点实验室, 天津市城市生态环境修复与污染防治重点实验室, 天津 300071

作者简介: 付铠(1988-),男,研究方向为大气颗粒物的人体健康影响,Email:fukai1998@126.com.

通讯作者: 胡献刚,huxiangang@nankai.edu.cn

基金项目: 教育部“污染生态化学”创新团队（IRT13024）基金项目；美国国家地理学会基金项目


中图分类号: X171.5

The Research Progress in Physiochemical Properties of Atmospheric Particulate Matters for Health Effects and Mechanisms

Fu Kai,
Zhou Qixing,
Hu Xiangang^,
Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria(Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China

Corresponding author: Hu Xiangang,huxiangang@nankai.edu.cn

CLC number: X171.5

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摘要:近些年,我国大气颗粒物所带来的健康问题越发突出,由此产生的环境疾病日益引起人们的广泛关注。大量的流行病学和毒理学研究发现,大气颗粒物能引起呼吸系统、心血管系统、神经系统、免疫系统等的损伤,造成新生儿出生缺陷,增加罹患癌症的风险,且与人群发病率和死亡率上升有关。但是由于大气颗粒物物化属性比较复杂,一种或几种损伤机制并不能完全解释其与致病效应的关系,因此具体的损伤机制目前还没有统一的说法,大气颗粒物物理化学属性与致病效应的关系仍在探索当中。本文从大气颗粒物的粒径、浓度、比表面积、来源、成分等基本属性入手,剖析其基本特点和可能影响健康的原因,探讨大气颗粒物通过氧化损伤途径诱导致病效应,并结合当前大气颗粒物健康影响研究现状提出在未来研究中应注重的相关内容。
关键词: 颗粒物/
环境疾病/
损伤机制/
氧化损伤/
ROS/
PM_2.5

Abstract:Recently, the health effects and environmental implications of atmospheric particulate matters (PM) have attracted much attention around the world, especially in China. PM could induce some serious diseases, for instance, asthma, lung cancer, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Many epidemiological and toxicological studies have focused on the adverse effects of PM on respiratory, cardiovascular, nervous and immune systems. Moreover, the promotion of human morbidity and mortality by PM was also reported. The present work reviewed the effects of PM physiochemical properties on the health of human and animals. The studies to illustrate the effect mechanisms by one or two PM properties are not reasonable. Notably, the adverse effects are determined by the multiple properties of PM, and the relevant mechanisms are largely unknown. Herein, the global properties of PM, including particle size, concentration, specific surface area, source and composition, were discussed. The oxidative stress induced by PM is considered as the main mechanism of adverse effects on respiratory, cardiovascular, immune, and neural systems. The oxidative potentials, the metallic contents, and the generation of free radicals linked to the upregulation of oxidative stress. And then, the upregulation of oxidative stress trigged cytotoxicity, inflammation factors and genotoxicity. However, the biological molecular pathways of oxidative stress increasing remain obscure in the studies of PM. Finally, this review proposed the future work that should be emphasized:(i) the synergetic adverse effects of PM induced by their multiple properties together; (ii) the threshold values and standards for the regulation of PM adverse effects according to multiple properties rather than concentration alone; and (iii) the mechanisms of oxidative stress based on free radicals and protein signals.
Key words:particulate matter/
health effects/
mechanisms/
oxidative stress/
ROS/
PM_2.5.