梅承芳^1,2,3,
梁慧君⁴,
周小翠⁴,
田亚静⁵,
邓桂荣^1,2,
许玫英^1,2,
栾天罡³,
曾国驱^1,2,,
1. 广东省微生物研究所, 广东省菌种保藏与应用重点实验室, 广州 510070;
2. 广东省微生物研究所, 省部共建华南应用微生物国家重点实验室, 广州 510070;
3. 中山大学生命科学学院, 水产品安全教育部重点实验室, 广州 510275;
4. 佛山市环境健康与安全评价研究中心, 佛山 528000;
5. 环境保护部环境保护对外合作中心, 北京 100035

作者简介: 梅承芳(1979-),女,高级工程师,研究方向为生态毒理学及环境风险评估,E-mail:meichf@gdim.cn.

通讯作者: 曾国驱,zenggq@gddcm.com

基金项目: 全球环境基金（GEF）中国用于防污漆生产的滴滴涕替代项目之环境保护领域化学品管理防污漆活性物质环境风险评估机构能力建设子项目；广东省海洋经济创新发展区域示范专项（No GD2012-D01-002）；广东省科技计划项目（2013B090800004）


中图分类号: X171.5

Marine Environmental Risk Assessment of Copper in Chinese Antifouling Paints

Mei Chengfang^1,2,3,
Liang Huijun⁴,
Zhou Xiaocui⁴,
Tian Yajing⁵,
Deng Guirong^1,2,
Xu Meiying^1,2,
Luan Tiangang³,
Zeng Guoqu^1,2,,
1. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China;
3. MOE Key Laboratory Aquatic Product Safety, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
4. Foshan Center for Environmental Health & Safety Assessment, Foshan 528000, China;
5. Foreign Economic Cooperation Office, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100035, China

Corresponding author: Zeng Guoqu,zenggq@gddcm.com

CLC number: X171.5

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摘要:为有效控制防污漆中杀生物活性物质给海洋环境带来的不利影响,亟需开展活性物质的环境风险评估研究,为筛选环境友好型活性物质提供依据。以25种国产防污漆中的铜为评估对象,采用防污漆活性物质环境风险评估的针对性方法,分步进行暴露评估、危害性评估和风险表征。暴露评估采用海洋防污剂预测环境浓度模型(MAMPEC)中的港口、码头和开阔海域等典型暴露场景;危害性评估基于铜对淡水和海水水生生物的慢性毒性数据,采用物种敏感度分布法和评估因子法;风险表征采用熵值法。结果表明,铜对全部水生生物和海水生物的预测无效应浓度分别为2.8和2.3 μg·L^-1,藻类对铜最为敏感。除1种配方外,其余24种防污漆配方中铜的风险熵均小于1,可判定铜为"相对低风险"类活性物质,使用上述防污漆时铜对生态环境造成的风险较小。铜在不同暴露场景中的环境风险分析表明其对水流交换较弱海域的码头造成的风险最大,其次是默认港口和码头,对于公海造成的风险最小。根据现有的评估结果,设计含铜型防污漆配方时,应使铜的释放速率不大于33.5 μg·cm^-2·d^-1,以避免对较封闭海域的生态环境造成不可忽视的风险。
关键词: 铜/
海洋环境风险评估/
防污漆活性物质/
物种敏感度分布法/
典型暴露场景/
环境预测浓度/
预测无效应浓度

Abstract:In order to efficiently control the adverse effects of the biocidally active substances in antifouling paints on marine environment and provide a basis for screening the environment friendly active substances, it is urgent to assess the environmental risk of active substances. In this study, the marine environmental risk of copper, the most widely used biocidally active substance, in 25 formulations of Chinese antifouling paints was assessed using the methods developed specifically for the active substances, which include exposure assessment, hazard assessment and risk characterization. In exposure assessment, typical exposure scenarios such as harbor, marina and open sea in Marine Antifoulant Model to Predict Environmental Concentrations (MAMPEC) were used. Hazard assessment was based on all the available chronic toxicity data of copper to aquatic organisms, and the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method was used associated with the assessment factor method. The risk level was determined by the quotient method. The results indicated that the predicted no effect concentrations (PNEC) of copper were 2.8 and 2.3 μg·L^-1 for all aquatic organisms and seawater species, respectively, and algae is the most sensitive taxa to copper. Except for one formulation, the hazard quotients of copper in other 24 paint formulations were lower than 1, indicating that copper can be determined as "relative low risk". The use of copper in such paints as antifouling active ingredient results in a negligible risk to the marine environment. In different scenarios, copper showed different environmental risks with the descending order as:marina with poor flushed, default marina, default harbor and open sea. According to the assessment results, the release rate of copper should not be greater than 33.5 μg·cm^-2·d^-1 in order to avoid posing a significant risk to the marine environment with enclosed character.
Key words:copper/
marine environmental risk assessment/
active substance in antifouling paints/
species sensitivity distribution method (SSD)/
typical exposure scenario/
predicted environmental concentration (PEC)/
predicted no effect concentration (PNEC).