) 1河北师范大学教育学院, 石家庄 050024
2华北理工大学心理学院, 唐山 063210
收稿日期:2018-02-09出版日期:2019-02-25发布日期:2018-12-24通讯作者:鲁忠义E-mail:zhongyilu@126.com基金资助:国家社会科学基金(12BYY048);教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目成果(16YJC190005);唐山心理健康与认知神经科学重点实验室和唐山市脑与认知功能研究基础创新团队专项经费资助(17130204D)Why “no” implies “negative emotion”? Emotional representation in negation processing
GAO Zhihua1,2, LU Zhongyi1() 1 College of Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
2 College of Psychology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
Received:2018-02-09Online:2019-02-25Published:2018-12-24Contact:LU Zhongyi E-mail:zhongyilu@126.com摘要/Abstract
摘要： 采用情感错误归因范式(AMP)和经典情感启动范式(BFP), 在汉语双音节中性名词的前面加上否定或肯定词, 构成“没有/有XX”短语, 作为启动材料, 以中性俄语词或汉语情绪词为目标材料, 探讨了汉语否定加工的情绪表征。在实验1的AMP范式中, 刺激反应不同步(SOA)时间为200 ms和500 ms, 结果显示, 否定短语比肯定短语有显著高的消极反应概率; 在实验2的BFP范式中, 否定短语比肯定短语同样启动了更高的消极反应概率。实验结果表明, 否定本身具有消极效价, 否定加工通过消极情绪实现具身化。
图/表 3
表1实验1两种SOA条件下中性短语启动的消极反应概率(M ± SD)
| 启动项 | SOA: 200 ms (N = 38) | SOA: 500 ms (N = 40) |
|---|---|---|
| 否定短语 | 0.64 ± 0.20 | 0.63 ± 0.19 |
| 肯定短语 | 0.30 ± 0.19 | 0.30 ± 0.20 |
表1实验1两种SOA条件下中性短语启动的消极反应概率(M ± SD)
| 启动项 | SOA: 200 ms (N = 38) | SOA: 500 ms (N = 40) |
|---|---|---|
| 否定短语 | 0.64 ± 0.20 | 0.63 ± 0.19 |
| 肯定短语 | 0.30 ± 0.19 | 0.30 ± 0.20 |
表2实验2目标项的词频和情绪维度各指标分析
| 情绪词指标 | 消极效价 | 积极效价 | F | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 词频 | 50.06 ± 48.09 | 49.21 ± 48.98 | 0.01 | 0.912 |
| 效价 | 3.12 ± 0.24 | 6.80 ± 0.20 | 10937.67 | < 0.001 |
| 唤醒水平 | 4.86 ± 0.63 | 4.69 ± 0.60 | 3.01 | 0.085 |
| 优势水平 | 5.08 ± 0.54 | 5.78 ± 0.56 | 64.78 | < 0.001 |
| 熟悉程度 | 4.91 ± 0.44 | 5.63 ± 0.45 | 104.35 | < 0.001 |
表2实验2目标项的词频和情绪维度各指标分析
| 情绪词指标 | 消极效价 | 积极效价 | F | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 词频 | 50.06 ± 48.09 | 49.21 ± 48.98 | 0.01 | 0.912 |
| 效价 | 3.12 ± 0.24 | 6.80 ± 0.20 | 10937.67 | < 0.001 |
| 唤醒水平 | 4.86 ± 0.63 | 4.69 ± 0.60 | 3.01 | 0.085 |
| 优势水平 | 5.08 ± 0.54 | 5.78 ± 0.56 | 64.78 | < 0.001 |
| 熟悉程度 | 4.91 ± 0.44 | 5.63 ± 0.45 | 104.35 | < 0.001 |
表3实验2不同条件下消极反应概率与反应正确率(M ± SD)
| 启动 | 目标 | SOA: 200 ms (N = 43) | 启动 | 目标 | SOA: 500 ms (N = 46) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 消极反应 | 正确率 | 消极反应 | 正确率 | ||||
| 否定中性 | 积极 | 0.11 ± 0.15 | 0.89 ± 0.15 | 否定中性 | 积极 | 0.09 ± 0.16 | 0.91 ± 0.16 |
| 消极 | 0.93 ± 0.09 | 0.93 ± 0.09 | 消极 | 0.96 ± 0.18 | 0.96 ± 0.18 | ||
| 肯定中性 | 积极 | 0.09 ± 0.09 | 0.91 ± 0.87 | 肯定中性 | 积极 | 0.05 ± 0.05 | 0.95 ± 0.05 |
| 消极 | 0.89 ± 0.15 | 0.89 ± 0.15 | 消极 | 0.94 ± 0.22 | 0.94 ± 0.22 | ||
表3实验2不同条件下消极反应概率与反应正确率(M ± SD)
| 启动 | 目标 | SOA: 200 ms (N = 43) | 启动 | 目标 | SOA: 500 ms (N = 46) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 消极反应 | 正确率 | 消极反应 | 正确率 | ||||
| 否定中性 | 积极 | 0.11 ± 0.15 | 0.89 ± 0.15 | 否定中性 | 积极 | 0.09 ± 0.16 | 0.91 ± 0.16 |
| 消极 | 0.93 ± 0.09 | 0.93 ± 0.09 | 消极 | 0.96 ± 0.18 | 0.96 ± 0.18 | ||
| 肯定中性 | 积极 | 0.09 ± 0.09 | 0.91 ± 0.87 | 肯定中性 | 积极 | 0.05 ± 0.05 | 0.95 ± 0.05 |
| 消极 | 0.89 ± 0.15 | 0.89 ± 0.15 | 消极 | 0.94 ± 0.22 | 0.94 ± 0.22 | ||
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