1 杭州师范大学认知与脑疾病研究中心
2 杭州师范大学心理科学研究院, 杭州 311121
3 浙江省认知障碍评估技术研究重点实验室, 杭州 311121
4 Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1Z7K4, Canada
收稿日期:2017-10-09出版日期:2019-01-25发布日期:2018-11-26通讯作者:胡治国基金资助:* 国家自然科学基金面上项目资助(31271195)Future thinking in non-clinical depression: the relevance of personal goals
HU Zhiguo1,2,3,*, CHEN Jing1,2, WU Huijun1,2, Georg Northoff1,2,3,41 Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
2 Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
3 Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou 311121, China
4 Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1Z7K4, Canada
Received:2017-10-09Online:2019-01-25Published:2018-11-26Contact:HU Zhiguo 摘要/Abstract
摘要： 通过两个实验考查了非临床抑郁者未来想象的异常是否受到个人目标相关性的调节。实验1采用未来想象任务, 实验2采用可能性评估范式, 两个实验一致发现, 抑郁倾向者想象未来积极事件的异常, 受到了与个人目标相关性的调节：相对于非抑郁倾向者, 抑郁倾向者对未来与个人目标相关的积极事件的预期减弱, 而对未来与个人目标无关的积极事件的预期则没有表现出异常; 同时还发现, 抑郁倾向者表现出了对未来消极预期的普遍增强, 不受与个人目标相关性的影响。
图/表 5
表1被试想象到的未来事件的个数及事件评估的结果
| 事件类型 | 抑郁组 (N = 23) | 非抑郁组 (N = 25) | p值 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 与个人目标相关的积极事件 | |||
| 想象的个数 | 5.4 (1.9) | 6.7 (2.1) | 0.036 |
| 发生的可能性 | 32.5 (8.1) | 40.4 (6.1) | 0.000 |
| 与个人目标的相关性 | 42.9 (7.2) | 43.8 (7.1) | 0.685 |
| 可能的情绪反应 | 37.4 (16.4) | 40.3 (9.3) | 0.450 |
| 与个人目标相关的消极事件 | |||
| 想象的个数 | 4.9 (1.7) | 5.1 (2.5) | 0.789 |
| 发生的可能性 | 27.0 (8.7) | 21.5 (8.8) | 0.036 |
| 与个人目标的相关性 | 41.0 (8.0) | 39.4 (9.9) | 0.525 |
| 可能的情绪反应 | -25.4 (21.4) | -29.1 (21.4) | 0.445 |
| 与个人目标无关的积极事件 | |||
| 想象的个数 | 5.3 (2.1) | 5.4 (1.9) | 0.867 |
| 发生的可能性 | 34.4 (9.0) | 36.0 (9.6) | 0.560 |
| 与个人目标的相关性 | 18.9 (11.3) | 19.8 (14.1) | 0.802 |
| 可能的情绪反应 | 24.6 (13.0) | 22.9 (11.9) | 0.639 |
| 与个人目标无关的消极事件 | |||
| 想象的个数 | 5.0 (2.3) | 5.0 (2.0) | 0.996 |
| 发生的可能性 | 28.2 (9.8) | 25.8 (9.9) | 0.404 |
| 与个人目标的相关性 | 14.8 (10.6) | 18.6 (15.2) | 0.317 |
| 可能的情绪反应 | -16.0 (12.1) | -11.4 (10.1) | 0.154 |
表1被试想象到的未来事件的个数及事件评估的结果
| 事件类型 | 抑郁组 (N = 23) | 非抑郁组 (N = 25) | p值 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 与个人目标相关的积极事件 | |||
| 想象的个数 | 5.4 (1.9) | 6.7 (2.1) | 0.036 |
| 发生的可能性 | 32.5 (8.1) | 40.4 (6.1) | 0.000 |
| 与个人目标的相关性 | 42.9 (7.2) | 43.8 (7.1) | 0.685 |
| 可能的情绪反应 | 37.4 (16.4) | 40.3 (9.3) | 0.450 |
| 与个人目标相关的消极事件 | |||
| 想象的个数 | 4.9 (1.7) | 5.1 (2.5) | 0.789 |
| 发生的可能性 | 27.0 (8.7) | 21.5 (8.8) | 0.036 |
| 与个人目标的相关性 | 41.0 (8.0) | 39.4 (9.9) | 0.525 |
| 可能的情绪反应 | -25.4 (21.4) | -29.1 (21.4) | 0.445 |
| 与个人目标无关的积极事件 | |||
| 想象的个数 | 5.3 (2.1) | 5.4 (1.9) | 0.867 |
| 发生的可能性 | 34.4 (9.0) | 36.0 (9.6) | 0.560 |
| 与个人目标的相关性 | 18.9 (11.3) | 19.8 (14.1) | 0.802 |
| 可能的情绪反应 | 24.6 (13.0) | 22.9 (11.9) | 0.639 |
| 与个人目标无关的消极事件 | |||
| 想象的个数 | 5.0 (2.3) | 5.0 (2.0) | 0.996 |
| 发生的可能性 | 28.2 (9.8) | 25.8 (9.9) | 0.404 |
| 与个人目标的相关性 | 14.8 (10.6) | 18.6 (15.2) | 0.317 |
| 可能的情绪反应 | -16.0 (12.1) | -11.4 (10.1) | 0.154 |
图1抑郁组和非抑郁组想象到的不同类型未来事件的个数 注：PP代表与个人目标相关的积极事件(personal goal-related positive); PN代表与个人目标相关的消极事件(personal goal-related negative); unPP代表与个人目标无关的积极事件(personal goal-unrelated positive); unPN代表与个人目标无关的消极事件(personal goal-unrelated negative)。* p < 0.05。
图1抑郁组和非抑郁组想象到的不同类型未来事件的个数 注：PP代表与个人目标相关的积极事件(personal goal-related positive); PN代表与个人目标相关的消极事件(personal goal-related negative); unPP代表与个人目标无关的积极事件(personal goal-unrelated positive); unPN代表与个人目标无关的消极事件(personal goal-unrelated negative)。* p < 0.05。
图2抑郁组和非抑郁组对想象到的未来事件发生可能性评估的直接对比 注： * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001。
图2抑郁组和非抑郁组对想象到的未来事件发生可能性评估的直接对比 注： * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001。表2未来事件的可能性、与个人目标的相关性和情绪反应的评估结果
| 事件类型 | 抑郁组 (N = 27) | 非抑郁组 (N = 29) | p值 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 与个人目标相关的积极事件 | |||
| 发生的可能性 | 35.0 (7.6) | 39.8 (5.3) | 0.007 |
| 与个人目标的相关性 | 40.3 (8.3) | 43.2 (5.2) | 0.121 |
| 可能的情绪反应 | 42.0 (7.6) | 43.8 (6.7) | 0.357 |
| 与个人目标相关的消极事件 | |||
| 发生的可能性 | 26.1 (6.9) | 16.2 (4.7) | 0.000 |
| 与个人目标的相关性 | 32.3 (10.7) | 36.8 (10.8) | 0.128 |
| 可能的情绪反应 | -24.7 (9.8) | -25.3 (10.7) | 0.823 |
| 与个人目标无关的积极事件 | |||
| 发生的可能性 | 33.3 (6.7) | 33.8 (6.8) | 0.774 |
| 与个人目标的相关性 | 22.0 (9.9) | 21.4 (9.8) | 0.815 |
| 可能的情绪反应 | 26.4 (8.8) | 25.2 (8.6) | 0.593 |
| 与个人目标无关的消极事件 | |||
| 发生的可能性 | 28.1 (6.0) | 22.2 (6.0) | 0.001 |
| 与个人目标的相关性 | 17.9 (9.1) | 18.2 (7.6) | 0.904 |
| 可能的情绪反应 | -12.4 (7.2) | -10.8 (7.7) | 0.428 |
表2未来事件的可能性、与个人目标的相关性和情绪反应的评估结果
| 事件类型 | 抑郁组 (N = 27) | 非抑郁组 (N = 29) | p值 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 与个人目标相关的积极事件 | |||
| 发生的可能性 | 35.0 (7.6) | 39.8 (5.3) | 0.007 |
| 与个人目标的相关性 | 40.3 (8.3) | 43.2 (5.2) | 0.121 |
| 可能的情绪反应 | 42.0 (7.6) | 43.8 (6.7) | 0.357 |
| 与个人目标相关的消极事件 | |||
| 发生的可能性 | 26.1 (6.9) | 16.2 (4.7) | 0.000 |
| 与个人目标的相关性 | 32.3 (10.7) | 36.8 (10.8) | 0.128 |
| 可能的情绪反应 | -24.7 (9.8) | -25.3 (10.7) | 0.823 |
| 与个人目标无关的积极事件 | |||
| 发生的可能性 | 33.3 (6.7) | 33.8 (6.8) | 0.774 |
| 与个人目标的相关性 | 22.0 (9.9) | 21.4 (9.8) | 0.815 |
| 可能的情绪反应 | 26.4 (8.8) | 25.2 (8.6) | 0.593 |
| 与个人目标无关的消极事件 | |||
| 发生的可能性 | 28.1 (6.0) | 22.2 (6.0) | 0.001 |
| 与个人目标的相关性 | 17.9 (9.1) | 18.2 (7.6) | 0.904 |
| 可能的情绪反应 | -12.4 (7.2) | -10.8 (7.7) | 0.428 |
图3抑郁组和非抑郁组对给定的不同类型未来事件发生可能性评估的直接对比 注：** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001。
图3抑郁组和非抑郁组对给定的不同类型未来事件发生可能性评估的直接对比 注：** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001。参考文献 52
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