1 首都师范大学心理学院, 首都师范大学儿童发展研究中心, 北京市“学习与认知”重点实验室, 北京 100048
2 乌特勒支大学社会与行为科学学院, 荷兰 乌特勒支 3584CS
3 新乡医学院心理学院, 河南 新乡 453003
收稿日期:2017-07-30出版日期:2019-01-25发布日期:2018-11-26通讯作者:卢珊基金资助:* 国家自然科学基金(31470994);北京市社会科学基金项目资助(15JYB016)The predictive effects of maternal life event stress in early childhood on 5-year-old child behavioral problems: A chained mediation model
HAO Yefang1, WANG Zhengyan1, DONG Shuyang1,2, LIU Siman1, WU Meng1,3, LU Shan1,*1 Department of Psychology, Center for Child Development, Learning and Cognitive Key Laboratory, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
2 Faculty of Social and Behavioural Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CS, The Netherlands
3 Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
Received:2017-07-30Online:2019-01-25Published:2018-11-26Contact:LU Shan 摘要/Abstract
摘要： 通过对107名幼儿及其母亲历时5年的5次追踪测量, 考察了儿童早期(9~38个月)母亲生活压力对5岁时儿童行为问题的预测效应及其作用机制。结果发现, 在儿童早期, 母亲生活压力具有相对的稳定性, 但引起母亲生活压力的主要生活事件排序有所变化; 儿童早期母亲生活压力对儿童行为问题的作用机制有两种方式：一方面表现为母亲生活压力对儿童5岁时的情绪症状和品行问题的直接效应; 另一方面表现为通过减少母亲积极养育行为进一步影响儿童情绪症状和同伴问题的间接效应; 此外, 儿童早期母亲生活压力还通过积极养育和儿童努力控制的链式中介作用对儿童过度活跃和亲社会行为产生影响。结论:母亲生活压力对儿童行为问题具有预测效应, 这种效应的机制包括母亲生活压力的直接效应以及通过积极养育、努力控制的间接效应。
图/表 3
表1母亲生活压力、积极养育和儿童努力控制、行为问题的均值、标准差及相关分析
| 变量 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | T1母亲生活压力 | — | ||||||||||
| 2. | T2母亲生活压力 | 0.41** | — | |||||||||
| 3. | T3母亲生活压力 | 0.46*** | 0.61*** | — | ||||||||
| 4. | T4母亲生活压力 | 0.46** | 0.44** | 0.63*** | — | |||||||
| 5. | T5积极养育 | -0.28* | -0.49*** | -0.44** | -0.25+ | — | ||||||
| 6. | T5努力控制 | -0.15 | -0.19 | -0.25+ | -0.13 | 0.41*** | — | |||||
| 7. | T5情绪症状 | 0.27* | 0.30* | 0.33** | 0.26+ | -0.47*** | -0.22* | — | ||||
| 8. | T5品行问题 | 0.25+ | 0.39** | 0.31* | 0.27* | -0.34** | -0.30** | 0.42*** | — | |||
| 9. | T5过度活跃 | -0.17 | -0.01 | 0.17 | -0.06 | -0.27* | -0.51*** | 0.13 | 0.26* | — | ||
| 10. | T5同伴问题 | 0.10 | 0.50*** | 0.33** | 0.03 | -0.46*** | -0.35** | 0.34** | 0.29** | 0.31** | — | |
| 11. | T5亲社会行为 | -0.04 | -0.25+ | -0.11 | -0.15 | 0.31** | 0.37** | -0.36** | -0.28* | -0.20+ | -0.22+ | — |
| M | 1.70 | 1.70 | 1.12 | 1.34 | 51.13 | 5.42 | 1.77 | 1.95 | 4.61 | 1.91 | 7.09 | |
| SD | 2.34 | 2.92 | 2.51 | 2.28 | 5.57 | 0.56 | 1.81 | 1.21 | 2.50 | 1.73 | 1.89 | |
表1母亲生活压力、积极养育和儿童努力控制、行为问题的均值、标准差及相关分析
| 变量 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | T1母亲生活压力 | — | ||||||||||
| 2. | T2母亲生活压力 | 0.41** | — | |||||||||
| 3. | T3母亲生活压力 | 0.46*** | 0.61*** | — | ||||||||
| 4. | T4母亲生活压力 | 0.46** | 0.44** | 0.63*** | — | |||||||
| 5. | T5积极养育 | -0.28* | -0.49*** | -0.44** | -0.25+ | — | ||||||
| 6. | T5努力控制 | -0.15 | -0.19 | -0.25+ | -0.13 | 0.41*** | — | |||||
| 7. | T5情绪症状 | 0.27* | 0.30* | 0.33** | 0.26+ | -0.47*** | -0.22* | — | ||||
| 8. | T5品行问题 | 0.25+ | 0.39** | 0.31* | 0.27* | -0.34** | -0.30** | 0.42*** | — | |||
| 9. | T5过度活跃 | -0.17 | -0.01 | 0.17 | -0.06 | -0.27* | -0.51*** | 0.13 | 0.26* | — | ||
| 10. | T5同伴问题 | 0.10 | 0.50*** | 0.33** | 0.03 | -0.46*** | -0.35** | 0.34** | 0.29** | 0.31** | — | |
| 11. | T5亲社会行为 | -0.04 | -0.25+ | -0.11 | -0.15 | 0.31** | 0.37** | -0.36** | -0.28* | -0.20+ | -0.22+ | — |
| M | 1.70 | 1.70 | 1.12 | 1.34 | 51.13 | 5.42 | 1.77 | 1.95 | 4.61 | 1.91 | 7.09 | |
| SD | 2.34 | 2.92 | 2.51 | 2.28 | 5.57 | 0.56 | 1.81 | 1.21 | 2.50 | 1.73 | 1.89 | |
图1早期母亲生活压力与儿童行为问题的链式中介模型(删减不显著路径后的节俭模型)
图1早期母亲生活压力与儿童行为问题的链式中介模型(删减不显著路径后的节俭模型)表2母亲生活压力对儿童行为问题的影响路径分析表
| 路径 | 90%置信区间 | 效应值 |
|---|---|---|
| 直接效应 | ||
| 母亲生活压力→品行问题 | [0.22, 0.66] | 0.48 |
| 母亲生活压力→情绪症状 | [0.04, 0.64] | 0.33 |
| 间接效应 | ||
| 母亲生活压力→积极养育→情绪症状 | [0.03, 0.35] | 0.13 |
| 母亲生活压力→积极养育→同伴问题 | [0.08, 0.40] | 0.22 |
| 母亲生活压力→积极养育→努力控制→过度活跃 | [0.03, 0.20] | 0.09 |
| 母亲生活压力→积极养育→努力控制→亲社会行为 | [-0.18, -0.02] | -0.08 |
表2母亲生活压力对儿童行为问题的影响路径分析表
| 路径 | 90%置信区间 | 效应值 |
|---|---|---|
| 直接效应 | ||
| 母亲生活压力→品行问题 | [0.22, 0.66] | 0.48 |
| 母亲生活压力→情绪症状 | [0.04, 0.64] | 0.33 |
| 间接效应 | ||
| 母亲生活压力→积极养育→情绪症状 | [0.03, 0.35] | 0.13 |
| 母亲生活压力→积极养育→同伴问题 | [0.08, 0.40] | 0.22 |
| 母亲生活压力→积极养育→努力控制→过度活跃 | [0.03, 0.20] | 0.09 |
| 母亲生活压力→积极养育→努力控制→亲社会行为 | [-0.18, -0.02] | -0.08 |
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