), 何清华1,4() 1 西南大学心理学部, 教育部认知与人格重点实验室, 重庆市脑科学协同创新中心西南大学分中心, 重庆 400715
2 北京师范大学心理学部, 认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室, 北京 100875
3 北京大学心理与认知科学学院, 北京 100871
4 中国科学院心理研究所, 中国科学院心理健康重点实验室, 北京 100101
收稿日期:2017-10-24出版日期:2018-11-30发布日期:2018-10-30基金资助:* 国家自然科学基金(31400959);国家自然科学基金委员会与德国科学基金会合作研究项目(NSFC61621136008/DFGTRR-169);广东省创新团队珠江团队计划项目(2016ZT06S220);2017年重庆市留学回国人员创业创新支持计划(cx2017049);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(SWU1809003);中国科学院心理健康重点实验室开放课题基金(KLMH2015G01)To switch or not to switch?Cognitive and neural mechanisms of card switching behavior
SUN Yachen1#, ZHANG Hanqi2,3#, LI Yonghui4, XUE Gui2(), HE Qinghua1,4() 1 Faculty of Psychology, Key Lab of Cognition and Personality, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
2 Faculty of Psychology, National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
3 School of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
4 Institute of Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
Received:2017-10-24Online:2018-11-30Published:2018-10-30摘要/Abstract
摘要： 决策是每个人每天都会进行的活动。二择一时, 有人择一而终, 有人变换不定。这种个体差异可能与坚持性人格和认知灵活性有关。本研究旨在探讨这种行为特征背后的认知神经机制, 以便进一步理解决策变换中存在的个体差异。本研究采用了单变量和多变量体素形态学分析的方法分析了350名大学生(其中女性194人, 平均年龄19.97岁)在随机猜牌任务中的换牌频率与大脑灰质体积的相关情况, 探讨了坚持性人格特质和认知灵活性与换牌频率的关系, 并考察了两者在大脑灰质体积与换牌频率中的中介作用。单变量和多变量体素形态学分析结果都表明, 左侧后扣带回、右侧额中回、右侧额极和右侧脑岛区域的灰质体积可以预测被试的换牌频率; 坚持性人格和认知灵活性在其中起到了中介作用。这些结果阐释了换牌频率个体差异的认知机制和神经基础, 对理解为何有的人一味坚持, 而有的人灵活变换背后的原因提供了理论基础, 同时为开发改善非理性决策行为的方法提供了重要的参考价值。
图/表 10
图1随机猜牌任务程序示意图
图1随机猜牌任务程序示意图
图2被试换牌频率的分布直方图
图2被试换牌频率的分布直方图表1坚持性和认知灵活性的描述统计及其与换牌频率的相关
| 认知机制 | 平均数 ± 标准差 | 与换牌频率的相关 |
|---|---|---|
| 坚持性 | 116.81 ± 16.61 | r (249) = -0.23, p <.001 |
| 认知灵活性 | 4.99 ± 2.16 | r (249) = -0.20, p <.001 |
表1坚持性和认知灵活性的描述统计及其与换牌频率的相关
| 认知机制 | 平均数 ± 标准差 | 与换牌频率的相关 |
|---|---|---|
| 坚持性 | 116.81 ± 16.61 | r (249) = -0.23, p <.001 |
| 认知灵活性 | 4.99 ± 2.16 | r (249) = -0.20, p <.001 |
表2灰质体积与换牌频率呈正相关的脑区
| 脑区 | 左/右半球 | 体素数量 | p | MNI坐标x | MNI坐标y | MNI坐标z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 后扣带回 | 右 | 1788 | 0.01 | 6 | -44 | 22 |
| 后扣带回 | 左 | 0.03 | -14 | -48 | 34 | |
| 楔前叶 | 左 | 0.02 | -10 | -64 | 26 | |
| 楔前叶 | 右 | 0.02 | 10 | -58 | 26 | |
| 额中回 | 左 | 1522 | 0.01 | -34 | 24 | 32 |
| 脑岛 | 左 | 0.04 | -36 | 8 | 2 | |
| 壳核 | 左 | 0.02 | -28 | -2 | -8 | |
| 额中回 | 右 | 792 | 0.01 | 46 | 10 | 50 |
| 额极 | 左 | 116 | 0.03 | -34 | 40 | 2 |
表2灰质体积与换牌频率呈正相关的脑区
| 脑区 | 左/右半球 | 体素数量 | p | MNI坐标x | MNI坐标y | MNI坐标z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 后扣带回 | 右 | 1788 | 0.01 | 6 | -44 | 22 |
| 后扣带回 | 左 | 0.03 | -14 | -48 | 34 | |
| 楔前叶 | 左 | 0.02 | -10 | -64 | 26 | |
| 楔前叶 | 右 | 0.02 | 10 | -58 | 26 | |
| 额中回 | 左 | 1522 | 0.01 | -34 | 24 | 32 |
| 脑岛 | 左 | 0.04 | -36 | 8 | 2 | |
| 壳核 | 左 | 0.02 | -28 | -2 | -8 | |
| 额中回 | 右 | 792 | 0.01 | 46 | 10 | 50 |
| 额极 | 左 | 116 | 0.03 | -34 | 40 | 2 |
图3灰质体积与换牌频率正相关的脑区(R表示被试右侧区域)
图3灰质体积与换牌频率正相关的脑区(R表示被试右侧区域)表3灰质体积与换牌频率呈负相关的脑区
| 脑区 | 大脑半球 | 体素数量 | p | MNI坐标x | MNI坐标y | MNI坐标z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 颞上回 | 右 | 1541 | 0.05 | 66 | -16 | 6 |
| 脑岛 | 右 | 0.04 | 34 | -26 | 12 | |
| 颞叶 | 右 | 998 | 0.01 | 60 | 12 | -26 |
| 内侧颞叶 | 右 | 379 | 0.02 | 18 | -10 | -22 |
| 颞叶 | 左 | 280 | 0.02 | -56 | 16 | 30 |
表3灰质体积与换牌频率呈负相关的脑区
| 脑区 | 大脑半球 | 体素数量 | p | MNI坐标x | MNI坐标y | MNI坐标z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 颞上回 | 右 | 1541 | 0.05 | 66 | -16 | 6 |
| 脑岛 | 右 | 0.04 | 34 | -26 | 12 | |
| 颞叶 | 右 | 998 | 0.01 | 60 | 12 | -26 |
| 内侧颞叶 | 右 | 379 | 0.02 | 18 | -10 | -22 |
| 颞叶 | 左 | 280 | 0.02 | -56 | 16 | 30 |
图4灰质体积与换牌频率负相关的脑区(R表示被试右侧区域)
图4灰质体积与换牌频率负相关的脑区(R表示被试右侧区域)表4可以预测换牌频率的脑区
| 脑区 | 大脑半球 | 体素数量 | 预测准确性 | MNI坐标x | MNI坐标y | MNI坐标z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 额中回 | 左 | 222 | 0.18 | -38 | 22 | 32 |
| 额中回 | 右 | 128 | 0.16 | 48 | 8 | 48 |
| 脑岛 | 右 | 75 | 0.16 | 30 | -26 | 20 |
| 额极 | 右 | 18 | 0.16 | 16 | 50 | 46 |
| 后扣带回 | 左 | 10 | 0.15 | -2 | -44 | 24 |
表4可以预测换牌频率的脑区
| 脑区 | 大脑半球 | 体素数量 | 预测准确性 | MNI坐标x | MNI坐标y | MNI坐标z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 额中回 | 左 | 222 | 0.18 | -38 | 22 | 32 |
| 额中回 | 右 | 128 | 0.16 | 48 | 8 | 48 |
| 脑岛 | 右 | 75 | 0.16 | 30 | -26 | 20 |
| 额极 | 右 | 18 | 0.16 | 16 | 50 | 46 |
| 后扣带回 | 左 | 10 | 0.15 | -2 | -44 | 24 |
图5可以预测换牌频率的脑区(R表示被试右侧区域)
图5可以预测换牌频率的脑区(R表示被试右侧区域)
图6中介效应模型
图6中介效应模型参考文献 44
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