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人口统计学特征对公共服务动机有什么影响?来自元分析的证据

本站小编 Free考研考试/2022-01-01
胥彦1, 李超平2()
1中国人民大学公共管理学院
2中国人民大学公共管理学院人才与领导力研究中心, 北京 100872
收稿日期:2020-03-16出版日期:2020-10-15发布日期:2020-08-24
通讯作者:李超平E-mail:lichaoping@ruc.edu.cn

基金资助:* 国家自然科学基金资助(71772171);中国人民大学2019年度拔尖创新人才培育资助计划成果

The impact of demographic characteristics on public service motivation: Evidence from meta-analysis

XU Yan1, LI Chaoping2()
1School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
2The Center for Talent and Leadership, School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
Received:2020-03-16Online:2020-10-15Published:2020-08-24
Contact:LI Chaoping E-mail:lichaoping@ruc.edu.cn






摘要/Abstract


摘要： 采用元分析方法探讨人口统计学特征与公共服务动机之间的关系。经筛选, 共纳入138篇492个独立样本(N = 1078442)。结果发现, 性别、年龄、教育程度、组织任期、工作任期、职位等级和收入与公共服务动机之间均呈显著的正相关关系, 且与公共服务动机不同维度之间的关系均存在差异, 婚姻状况与公共服务动机间不存在显著的相关关系。此外, 公共服务动机测量工具、测量时间点和文化背景对部分人口统计学特征与公共服务动机之间的关系有调节作用。研究结果为人口统计学特征如何影响公共服务动机提供了较为精确的估计, 对于发展公共服务动机理论, 激励员工工作积极性, 提高公共部门服务水平都有重要意义。


表1发表偏差检验结果
检验 性别 年龄 教育程度 组织任期 职位等级 收入 工作任期 婚姻状况
Egger's回归系数检验
intercept -1.22 1.07 1.09 1.72 -3.51 -2.38 1.25 0.47
p 0.013 0.032 0.071 0.000 0.001 0.065 0.286 0.775
Begg秩相关检验
Z -0.86 0.461 0.02 -1.02 -1.78 -0.19 -0.45 0.39
p 0.389 0.645 0.981 0.307 0.074 0.843 0.656 0.697

表1发表偏差检验结果
检验 性别 年龄 教育程度 组织任期 职位等级 收入 工作任期 婚姻状况
Egger's回归系数检验
intercept -1.22 1.07 1.09 1.72 -3.51 -2.38 1.25 0.47
p 0.013 0.032 0.071 0.000 0.001 0.065 0.286 0.775
Begg秩相关检验
Z -0.86 0.461 0.02 -1.02 -1.78 -0.19 -0.45 0.39
p 0.389 0.645 0.981 0.307 0.074 0.843 0.656 0.697


表2主效应检验结果
人口统计学
特征变量		 公共服务
动机		 k N r ρ SD 95% CI 80% CV Q I2
LL UL LL UL
性别 PSM 125 266890 0.02 0.02 0.09 0.00 0.03 -0.1 0.13 2229.00*** 94.44
APM 27 64920 -0.06 -0.07 0.09 -0.10 -0.03 -0.18 0.05 538.06*** 95.17
CPI 25 68077 -0.01 -0.02 0.08 -0.05 0.02 -0.12 0.09 431.66*** 94.44
COM 28 57043 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.03 0.10 -0.05 0.18 461.17*** 94.15
SS 27 33032 -0.06 -0.06 0.06 -0.09 -0.04 -0.13 0.00 98.63*** 73.64
年龄 PSM 109 215634 0.07 0.07 0.10 0.06 0.09 -0.05 0.20 1992.96*** 94.58
APM 30 67151 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.03 0.10 -0.05 0.18 559.88*** 94.82
CPI 26 66149 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.07 0.15 -0.02 0.25 699.53*** 96.43
COM 29 55115 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.07 0.15 -0.02 0.24 554.65*** 94.95
SS 29 31757 0.11 0.13 0.13 0.08 0.18 -0.04 0.30 570.77*** 95.09
教育程度 PSM 92 293842 0.03 0.04 0.09 0.02 0.06 -0.07 0.15 2214.68*** 95.89
APM 20 42604 0.19 0.20 0.12 0.15 0.26 0.04 0.37 668.58*** 97.16
CPI 15 41657 0.11 0.12 0.09 0.07 0.17 0.00 0.24 341.91*** 95.91
COM 20 44050 0.05 0.06 0.10 0.01 0.10 -0.07 0.18 395.34*** 95.19
SS 20 20594 0.00 0.00 0.10 -0.04 0.05 -0.13 0.13 205.50*** 90.75
婚姻状况 PSM 11 9824 0.04 0.04 0.08 -0.02 0.10 -0.07 0.15 64.10*** 84.40
APM 1 912 0.14 0.15 - 0.09 0.21 - - - -
CPI 1 912 0.44 0.48 - 0.43 0.53 - - - -
COM 1 912 0.32 0.35 - 0.29 0.41 - - - -
SS 1 912 0.43 0.47 - 0.42 0.52 - - - -
组织任期 PSM 86 167955 0.02 0.02 0.08 0.00 0.04 -0.08 0.13 1145.03*** 92.58
APM 19 49723 0.00 0.00 0.06 -0.03 0.02 -0.08 0.07 156.92*** 88.53
CPI 18 49067 0.04 0.04 0.11 -0.01 0.10 -0.11 0.19 603.03*** 97.18
COM 18 36245 0.04 0.04 0.09 0.00 0.09 -0.07 0.15 256.22*** 93.36
SS 17 12696 0.15 0.17 0.16 0.08 0.25 -0.04 0.37 306.61*** 94.78
工作任期 PSM 15 48822 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.01 0.07 -0.03 0.11 151.08*** 90.73
APM 3 4133 -0.02 -0.03 0.03 -0.09 0.03 -0.03 -0.03 1.79 -
CPI 3 4133 0.08 0.09 0.04 -0.01 0.19 0.03 0.15 4.49 -
COM 3 4133 0.05 0.06 0.08 -0.14 0.25 -0.08 0.20 17.23*** -
SS 3 4133 0.08 0.09 0.01 0.07 0.12 0.09 0.09 0.26 -
职位等级 PSM 30 31515 0.12 0.14 0.11 0.10 0.18 0.00 0.29 404.73*** 92.83
APM 12 18082 0.12 0.13 0.09 0.08 0.19 0.02 0.25 139.83*** 92.13
CPI 12 18082 0.13 0.15 0.08 0.10 0.20 0.04 0.26 124.66*** 91.18
COM 12 19528 0.05 0.06 0.12 -0.02 0.13 -0.11 0.22 266.34*** 95.87
SS 13 19760 0.07 0.08 0.11 0.01 0.15 -0.07 0.23 242.72*** 95.06
收入 PSM 24 43960 0.12 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.18 0.00 0.28 506.45*** 95.46
APM 10 29392 0.21 0.22 0.13 0.13 0.31 0.05 0.40 481.07*** 98.13
CPI 10 29392 0.11 0.13 0.08 0.07 0.19 0.02 0.24 177.85*** 94.94
COM 9 15860 0.05 0.06 0.14 -0.05 0.17 -0.13 0.26 290.83*** 97.25
SS 9 15860 0.05 0.05 0.12 -0.04 0.15 -0.11 0.22 212.43*** 96.23

表2主效应检验结果
人口统计学
特征变量		 公共服务
动机		 k N r ρ SD 95% CI 80% CV Q I2
LL UL LL UL
性别 PSM 125 266890 0.02 0.02 0.09 0.00 0.03 -0.1 0.13 2229.00*** 94.44
APM 27 64920 -0.06 -0.07 0.09 -0.10 -0.03 -0.18 0.05 538.06*** 95.17
CPI 25 68077 -0.01 -0.02 0.08 -0.05 0.02 -0.12 0.09 431.66*** 94.44
COM 28 57043 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.03 0.10 -0.05 0.18 461.17*** 94.15
SS 27 33032 -0.06 -0.06 0.06 -0.09 -0.04 -0.13 0.00 98.63*** 73.64
年龄 PSM 109 215634 0.07 0.07 0.10 0.06 0.09 -0.05 0.20 1992.96*** 94.58
APM 30 67151 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.03 0.10 -0.05 0.18 559.88*** 94.82
CPI 26 66149 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.07 0.15 -0.02 0.25 699.53*** 96.43
COM 29 55115 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.07 0.15 -0.02 0.24 554.65*** 94.95
SS 29 31757 0.11 0.13 0.13 0.08 0.18 -0.04 0.30 570.77*** 95.09
教育程度 PSM 92 293842 0.03 0.04 0.09 0.02 0.06 -0.07 0.15 2214.68*** 95.89
APM 20 42604 0.19 0.20 0.12 0.15 0.26 0.04 0.37 668.58*** 97.16
CPI 15 41657 0.11 0.12 0.09 0.07 0.17 0.00 0.24 341.91*** 95.91
COM 20 44050 0.05 0.06 0.10 0.01 0.10 -0.07 0.18 395.34*** 95.19
SS 20 20594 0.00 0.00 0.10 -0.04 0.05 -0.13 0.13 205.50*** 90.75
婚姻状况 PSM 11 9824 0.04 0.04 0.08 -0.02 0.10 -0.07 0.15 64.10*** 84.40
APM 1 912 0.14 0.15 - 0.09 0.21 - - - -
CPI 1 912 0.44 0.48 - 0.43 0.53 - - - -
COM 1 912 0.32 0.35 - 0.29 0.41 - - - -
SS 1 912 0.43 0.47 - 0.42 0.52 - - - -
组织任期 PSM 86 167955 0.02 0.02 0.08 0.00 0.04 -0.08 0.13 1145.03*** 92.58
APM 19 49723 0.00 0.00 0.06 -0.03 0.02 -0.08 0.07 156.92*** 88.53
CPI 18 49067 0.04 0.04 0.11 -0.01 0.10 -0.11 0.19 603.03*** 97.18
COM 18 36245 0.04 0.04 0.09 0.00 0.09 -0.07 0.15 256.22*** 93.36
SS 17 12696 0.15 0.17 0.16 0.08 0.25 -0.04 0.37 306.61*** 94.78
工作任期 PSM 15 48822 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.01 0.07 -0.03 0.11 151.08*** 90.73
APM 3 4133 -0.02 -0.03 0.03 -0.09 0.03 -0.03 -0.03 1.79 -
CPI 3 4133 0.08 0.09 0.04 -0.01 0.19 0.03 0.15 4.49 -
COM 3 4133 0.05 0.06 0.08 -0.14 0.25 -0.08 0.20 17.23*** -
SS 3 4133 0.08 0.09 0.01 0.07 0.12 0.09 0.09 0.26 -
职位等级 PSM 30 31515 0.12 0.14 0.11 0.10 0.18 0.00 0.29 404.73*** 92.83
APM 12 18082 0.12 0.13 0.09 0.08 0.19 0.02 0.25 139.83*** 92.13
CPI 12 18082 0.13 0.15 0.08 0.10 0.20 0.04 0.26 124.66*** 91.18
COM 12 19528 0.05 0.06 0.12 -0.02 0.13 -0.11 0.22 266.34*** 95.87
SS 13 19760 0.07 0.08 0.11 0.01 0.15 -0.07 0.23 242.72*** 95.06
收入 PSM 24 43960 0.12 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.18 0.00 0.28 506.45*** 95.46
APM 10 29392 0.21 0.22 0.13 0.13 0.31 0.05 0.40 481.07*** 98.13
CPI 10 29392 0.11 0.13 0.08 0.07 0.19 0.02 0.24 177.85*** 94.94
COM 9 15860 0.05 0.06 0.14 -0.05 0.17 -0.13 0.26 290.83*** 97.25
SS 9 15860 0.05 0.05 0.12 -0.04 0.15 -0.11 0.22 212.43*** 96.23


表3公共服务动机量表的调节效应
自变量 测量工具 k N r SD 95% CI 80% CV Qw I2 Qb
LL UL LL UL
性别 四维 89 80519 -0.04 0.09 -0.06 -0.02 -0.15 0.07 671.44*** 86.89 42.54***
other 22 52026 0.00 0.06 -0.03 0.03 -0.07 0.07 164.99*** 87.27
年龄 四维 80 69313 0.13 0.11 0.10 0.15 -0.01 0.26 876.96*** 90.99 174.23***
other 18 49847 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.07 -0.01 0.11 120.26*** 85.86
教育程度 四维 70 60652 0.09 0.10 0.07 0.12 -0.02 0.21 557.63*** 87.63 33.34***
other 10 38293 0.13 0.07 0.08 0.18 0.04 0.22 160.87*** 94.41
组织任期 四维 66 54063 0.07 0.10 0.05 0.10 -0.04 0.19 504.87*** 87.13 93.04***
other 16 41124 0.01 0.06 -0.02 0.05 -0.07 0.09 151.16*** 90.08

表3公共服务动机量表的调节效应
自变量 测量工具 k N r SD 95% CI 80% CV Qw I2 Qb
LL UL LL UL
性别 四维 89 80519 -0.04 0.09 -0.06 -0.02 -0.15 0.07 671.44*** 86.89 42.54***
other 22 52026 0.00 0.06 -0.03 0.03 -0.07 0.07 164.99*** 87.27
年龄 四维 80 69313 0.13 0.11 0.10 0.15 -0.01 0.26 876.96*** 90.99 174.23***
other 18 49847 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.07 -0.01 0.11 120.26*** 85.86
教育程度 四维 70 60652 0.09 0.10 0.07 0.12 -0.02 0.21 557.63*** 87.63 33.34***
other 10 38293 0.13 0.07 0.08 0.18 0.04 0.22 160.87*** 94.41
组织任期 四维 66 54063 0.07 0.10 0.05 0.10 -0.04 0.19 504.87*** 87.13 93.04***
other 16 41124 0.01 0.06 -0.02 0.05 -0.07 0.09 151.16*** 90.08


表4测量时间点的调节效应
自变量 测量
时间点		 k N r SD 95% CI 80% CV Qw I2 Qb
LL UL LL UL
性别 单个 121 254711 0.02 0.08 0.01 0.04 -0.08 0.13 1789.89*** 93.30 29.35***
多个 4 12179 -0.03 0.11 -0.20 0.14 -0.20 0.14 101.71*** 97.05
年龄 单个 106 203704 0.07 0.08 0.05 0.08 -0.04 0.17 1389.81*** 92.45 4.20*
多个 3 11930 0.05 0.04 -0.05 0.15 -0.02 0.12 13.26 *** 84.91
教育程度 单个 89 288444 0.03 0.08 0.02 0.05 -0.06 0.13 1738.00*** 94.94 2.76
多个 3 5398 0.01 0.05 -0.10 0.13 -0.06 0.09 7.62 * 73.74
组织任期 单个 83 166903 0.02 0.07 0.00 0.04 -0.07 0.11 886.89 *** 90.75 3.71
多个 3 1052 -0.04 0.15 -0.41 0.33 -0.30 0.23 15.77 *** 87.32

表4测量时间点的调节效应
自变量 测量
时间点		 k N r SD 95% CI 80% CV Qw I2 Qb
LL UL LL UL
性别 单个 121 254711 0.02 0.08 0.01 0.04 -0.08 0.13 1789.89*** 93.30 29.35***
多个 4 12179 -0.03 0.11 -0.20 0.14 -0.20 0.14 101.71*** 97.05
年龄 单个 106 203704 0.07 0.08 0.05 0.08 -0.04 0.17 1389.81*** 92.45 4.20*
多个 3 11930 0.05 0.04 -0.05 0.15 -0.02 0.12 13.26 *** 84.91
教育程度 单个 89 288444 0.03 0.08 0.02 0.05 -0.06 0.13 1738.00*** 94.94 2.76
多个 3 5398 0.01 0.05 -0.10 0.13 -0.06 0.09 7.62 * 73.74
组织任期 单个 83 166903 0.02 0.07 0.00 0.04 -0.07 0.11 886.89 *** 90.75 3.71
多个 3 1052 -0.04 0.15 -0.41 0.33 -0.30 0.23 15.77 *** 87.32


表5文化背景的调节效应
自变量 文化背景 k N r SD 95% CI 80% CV Qw I2 Qb
LL UL LL UL
性别 east 74 47772 -0.03 0.11 -0.06 -0.01 -0.16 0.10 553.54*** 86.81 260.71***
west 49 173618 0.02 0.08 0.00 0.04 -0.08 0.12 1061.60*** 95.48
年龄 east 64 37384 0.11 0.13 0.08 0.15 -0.04 0.27 597.72*** 89.46 150.61***
west 43 132750 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.09 -0.02 0.15 543.36*** 92.27
教育程度 east 53 29279 0.07 0.12 0.04 0.10 -0.08 0.22 443.92*** 88.29 151.03***
west 36 218827 0.04 0.07 0.01 0.06 -0.05 0.13 1140.79*** 96.93
组织任期 east 59 34867 0.09 0.11 0.06 0.12 -0.05 0.23 447.04*** 87.03 328.70***
west 25 130717 0.00 0.03 -0.02 0.01 -0.04 0.04 125.21*** 80.83
工作任期 east 6 5318 0.11 0.09 0.01 0.20 -0.02 0.23 38.75*** 87.10 33.46***
west 8 41369 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.05 -0.02 0.07 43.14*** 83.77

表5文化背景的调节效应
自变量 文化背景 k N r SD 95% CI 80% CV Qw I2 Qb
LL UL LL UL
性别 east 74 47772 -0.03 0.11 -0.06 -0.01 -0.16 0.10 553.54*** 86.81 260.71***
west 49 173618 0.02 0.08 0.00 0.04 -0.08 0.12 1061.60*** 95.48
年龄 east 64 37384 0.11 0.13 0.08 0.15 -0.04 0.27 597.72*** 89.46 150.61***
west 43 132750 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.09 -0.02 0.15 543.36*** 92.27
教育程度 east 53 29279 0.07 0.12 0.04 0.10 -0.08 0.22 443.92*** 88.29 151.03***
west 36 218827 0.04 0.07 0.01 0.06 -0.05 0.13 1140.79*** 96.93
组织任期 east 59 34867 0.09 0.11 0.06 0.12 -0.05 0.23 447.04*** 87.03 328.70***
west 25 130717 0.00 0.03 -0.02 0.01 -0.04 0.04 125.21*** 80.83
工作任期 east 6 5318 0.11 0.09 0.01 0.20 -0.02 0.23 38.75*** 87.10 33.46***
west 8 41369 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.05 -0.02 0.07 43.14*** 83.77







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