对威胁刺激的碰撞时间估计

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李才文, 臧奋英, 禤宇明(

), 傅小兰

中国科学院心理研究所, 脑与认知科学国家重点实验室, 北京 100101; 中国科学院大学心理学系, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2019-10-15出版日期:2020-10-15发布日期:2020-08-24
通讯作者:禤宇明E-mail:xuanym@psych.ac.cn

基金资助:* 中国国家自然科学基金委和德国基金会中德合作项目(NSFC 61621136008/DFG TRR-169)

Estimating the time-to-collision with a threatening object

LI Caiwen, ZANG Fenying, XUAN Yuming(

), FU Xiaolan

State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2019-10-15Online:2020-10-15Published:2020-08-24
Contact:XUAN Yuming E-mail:xuanym@psych.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对靠近运动刺激的碰撞时间(time-to-collision, TTC)估计具有重要的进化意义。为了解释个体如何进行TTC估计, 研究者提出了结构主义理论、生态光学理论和tau理论等, 也考察了影响TTC估计的部分因素。近年的研究通过比较个体对威胁刺激和非威胁刺激的TTC估计, 考察了刺激的情绪相关属性对TTC估计的影响。结果表明, 相比于自然非威胁刺激(如兔子等图片), 个体会低估自然威胁刺激(如蛇等图片)的TTC, 但这种TTC的低估在社会威胁刺激(如愤怒面孔图片)上有时很小甚至不显著。个体低估TTC可能存在三种原因：(1)个体对威胁刺激具有特异性反应; (2)威胁刺激具有较高的情绪唤醒度; (3)个体对威胁刺激具有心理距离更近和运动速度更快的知觉偏差。未来研究可以进一步考察在社会威胁刺激上表现出的TTC低估效应不稳定的原因; 探索威胁刺激TTC估计中的自主生理反应和神经机制; 采用虚拟现实技术进行威胁刺激TTC估计的研究; 在实验设计中考虑性别和人格特质等个体因素的影响。

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