删除或更新信息,请邮件至freekaoyan#163.com(#换成@)

“蜜糖裹砒霜”:善意性别偏见对女性生涯发展的影响

本站小编 Free考研考试/2022-01-01

张珊珊1(), 谢晋宇2, 吴敏1
1 四川大学马克思主义学院
2 四川大学商学院, 成都 610065
收稿日期:2018-07-08出版日期:2019-07-26发布日期:2019-06-25
通讯作者:张珊珊E-mail:shanshanzhang@scu.edu.cn

基金资助:* 教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(10JZD 0045-2);四川大学“双一流”建设(哲学社会科学)研究专项(SKSYL201703);四川大学未来教育研究专项(SCU FER2019009)

Sweet poison: How does benevolent sexism affect women’s career development?

ZHANG Shanshan1(), XIE Jinyu2, WU Min1
1 School of Marxism
2 School of Business, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Received:2018-07-08Online:2019-07-26Published:2019-06-25
Contact:ZHANG Shanshan E-mail:shanshanzhang@scu.edu.cn






摘要/Abstract


摘要: 善意性别偏见因持有者的主观好意往往难以被识别为偏见, 但会通过限制女性的角色形象和将其置于弱者地位从而巩固性别不平等的状况。近年来大量实证研究发现, 善意性别偏见从家庭教育、婚恋角色分工和职场竞争等方面挤压女性的生涯发展空间; 相比来自他人态度的直接作用, 这些消极影响更多通过女性对善意性别偏见的自我内化来实现。针对这一作用机制, 研究者们从女性感知和应对善意性别偏见的个体心理层面提出了多种理论解释。我们认为, 从女性主义心理学视角审视善意性别偏见的相关研究, 如何秉持研究立场的客观性和价值观的中立性是值得反思的问题; 女性主义心理学的最新理论发展也对性别偏见的研究趋势具有重要启示。



图1模拟招聘实验中的善意性别偏见的作用影响 注:根据Dardenne等(2007)、Good和Rudman (2010)、Bradleygeist等(2015)的研究整理。
图1模拟招聘实验中的善意性别偏见的作用影响 注:根据Dardenne等(2007)、Good和Rudman (2010)、Bradleygeist等(2015)的研究整理。







[1] 蔡华俭, 黄玄凤, 宋海荣 . (2008). 性别角色和主观幸福感的关系模型: 基于中国大学生的检验. 心理学报, 40( 4), 474-486.
[2] 蔡学青 . (2008). 女大学生矛盾性别偏见与成就动机关系实证研究(硕士学位论文). 华中科技大学, 武汉.
[3] 曹欣蕾, 曹韵秋 . (2018). 善意的性别偏见与依赖定向帮助的关系: 人际知觉的调节作用. 心理学进展, 8(4), 527-535.
[4] 陈志霞, 陈剑峰 . (2007). 善意和敌意性别偏见及其对社会认知的影响. 心理科学进展, 15( 3), 464-469.
[5] 陈志霞, 徐荣华 . (2013). 矛盾性别偏见与工作场所性骚扰态度的相关研究. 妇女研究论丛, ( 4), 54-60.
[6] 第三期中国妇女社会地位调查课题组. (2011). 第三期中国妇女社会地位调查主要数据报告. 妇女研究论丛, ( 6), 5-15.
[7] 管健, 柴民权 . (2011). 刻板印象威胁: 新议题与新争议. 心理科学进展, 19( 12), 1842-1850.
[8] 郭爱妹 . (2001). 试析女性主义心理学的三种研究取向. 南京师大学报(社会科学版), ( 6), 83-89.
[9] 郭爱妹 . (2006).女性主义心理学. 上海: 上海教育出版社.
[10] 李银河 . (2005). 女性主义. 济南: 山东人民出版社.
[11] 吕胜男 . (2009). 矛盾性别偏见对女性职业发展的影响(硕士学位论文). 华中科技大学, 武汉.
[12] 乔志宏, 郑静璐, 宋慧婷, 蒋盈 . (2014). 阶层差异职业性别隔离的影响机制——基于社会支配倾向视角. 心理学报, 46( 5), 691-701.
[13] 王海珍, 梅晓凤, 卫旭华 . (2017). 女性员工如何进行性别身份印象管理? 心理科学进展, 25( 9), 1597-1606.
[14] 西蒙娜·德·波伏娃. (2011).第二性Ⅱ (郑克鲁译). 上海: 上海译文出版社.
[15] 杨芳, 郭小敏 . (2017). “全面二孩”对职业女性的影响及政策支持研究——基于工作与家庭平衡的视角. 中国青年研究, ( 10), 31-36.
[16] 中国妇女报编辑部. (2019-01-29). 网络传播新变局与妇女儿童舆情演进新态势——2018年度妇女儿童热点舆情观察与分析.中国妇女报. p5
[17] Allport G. . (1954). The nature of prejudice.Reading, MA:Addison-Wesley.
[18] Barreto M. &Ellemers N., (2005). The burden of benevolent sexism: How it contributes to the maintenance of gender inequalities. European Journal of Social Psychology,35(5), 633-642.
[19] Biernat M.,Tocci M.J., &Williams J.C . (2012). The language of performance evaluations: Gender-based shifts in content and consistency of judgment. Social Psychological and Personality Science,3(2), 186-192.
[20] Bosson J. K., Pinel E. C., & Vandello J. A . (2010). The emotional impact of ambivalent sexism: Forecasts versus real experiences. Sex Roles,62(7-8), 520-531.
doi: 10.1007/s11199-009-9664-y
[21] Bradleygeist J. C., Rivera I., & Geringer S. D . (2015). The collateral damage of ambient sexism: Observing sexism impacts bystander self-esteem and career aspirations. Sex Roles,73(1-2), 29-42.
[22] Carol G. (1993). In a different voice:Psychological theory and women's development.Cambridge,MA: Harvard University Press.
[23] Chernyak-Hai L. &Waismel-Manor R., (2019). Gendered help at the workplace: Implications for organizational power relations. Psychological Reports,122(3), 1087-1116. doi: 10.1177/0033294118773483
[24] Chen Z. X., Fiske S. T., & Lee T. L . (2009). Ambivalent sexism and power-related gender-role ideology in marriage. Sex Roles,60(11-12), 765-778.
doi: 10.1007/s11199-009-9585-9
[25] Chisango T., Mayekiso T., & Thomae M . (2015). The social nature of benevolent sexism and the antisocial nature of hostile sexism: Is benevolent sexism more likely to manifest in public contexts and hostile sexism in private contexts? International Journal of Psychology,50(5), 363-371.
[26] Christopher J. C., Wendt D. C., Marecek J., & Goodman D. M . (2014). Critical cultural awareness: Contributions to a globalizing psychology. American Psychologist,69(7), 645-655.
doi: 10.1037/a0036851
[27] Connelly K. &Heesacker M., (2012). Why is benevolent sexism appealing? Associations with system justification and life satisfaction. Psychology of Women Quarterly,36(4), 432-443.
[28] Connor R. A., Glick P.; & Fiske S. T. , (2018). Ambivalent sexism in the twenty-first century. In C. G. Sibley & F. K. Barlow (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of the psychology of prejudice.Cambridge,England: Cambridge University Press.
[29] Dardenne B., Dumont M., & Bollier T . (2007). Insidious dangers of benevolent sexism: Consequences for women’s performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,93(5), 764-779.
[30] Eagly A.., &Wood W., (2011). Feminism and the evolution of sex differences and similarities. Sex Roles,64(9-10), 758-767.
doi: 10.1007/s11199-011-9949-9
[31] Eagly A. H., Eaton A., Rose S. M., Riger S., & Mchugh M. C . (2012). Feminism and psychology analysis of a half-century of research on women and gender. American Psychologist,67(3), 211-230.
doi: 10.1037/a0027260
[32] Glick P. &Fiske S.T . (1996). The ambivalent sexism inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,70(3), 491-512.
[33] Glick P., Diebold J., Baileywerner B., & Zhu L . (1997). The two faces of adam: Ambivalent sexism and polarized attitudes toward women. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,23(12), 1323-1334.
[34] Glick P. &Fiske S.T . (2001). An ambivalent alliance: Hostile and benevolent sexism as complementary justifications for gender inequality. American Psychologist,56(2), 109-118.
[35] Glick P., Fiske S. T., Mladinic A., Saiz J. L., Abrams D., & Masser B., …L6pez W. L . (2000). Beyond prejudice as simple antipathy: Hostile and benevolent sexism across cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,79(5), 763-75.
[36] Glick P., Lameiras M., & Castro Y. R . (2002). Education and catholic religiosity as predictors of hostile and benevolent sexism toward women and men. Sex Roles,47(9-10), 433-441.
doi: 10.1023/A:1021696209949
[37] Good J.., &Rudman L.A . (2010). When female applicants meet sexist interviewers: The costs of being a target of benevolent sexism. Sex Roles,62(7-8), 481-493.
doi: 10.1007/s11199-009-9685-6
[38] Grubbs J. B., Exline J. J., & Twenge J. M . (2014). Psychological entitlement and ambivalent sexism: Understanding the role of entitlement in predicting two forms of sexism. Sex Roles,70(5-6), 209-220.
doi: 10.1007/s11199-014-0360-1
[39] Hammond M.., &Sibley C.G . (2011). Why are benevolent sexists happier? Sex Roles,65 332-343.
[40] Hammond M. D., Milojev P., Huang Y., & Sibley C. G . (2018). Benevolent sexism and hostile sexism across the ages. Social Personality and Psychological Science,9(7), 863-874.
[41] Hammond M.., &Overall N.C . (2015). Benevolent sexism and support of romantic partner's goals: Undermining women's competence while fulfilling men's intimacy needs. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,41(9), 1180-1194.
[42] Hammond M. D., Overall N. C., & Cross E. J . (2016). Internalizing sexism within close relationships: Perceptions of intimate partners' benevolent sexism promote women's endorsement of benevolent sexism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,110(2), 214-238.
[43] Hammond M.., &Overall N.C . (2017). Dynamics within intimate relationships and the causes, consequences, and functions of sexist attitudes. Current Directions in Psychological Science,26(2), 120-125.
[44] Hideg I. &Ferris D.L . (2016). The compassionate sexist? How benevolent sexism promotes and undermines gender equality in the workplace. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,111(5), 706-727.
[45] Jackman M. R. (1994). The velvet glove:Paternalism and conflict in gender, class, and race relations.Berkeley, CA:University of California Press.
[46] Jost J.., &Kay A.C . (2005). Exposure to benevolent sexism and complementary gender stereotypes: Consequences for specific and diffuse forms of system justification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,88(3), 498-509.
[47] King E. B., Botsford W., Hebl M. R., Kazama S., Dawson J. F., & Perkins A . (2012). Benevolent sexism at work: Gender differences in the distribution of challenging developmental experiences. Journal of Management,38(6), 1835-1866.
doi: 10.1177/0149206310365902
[48] Kilianski S.., &Rudman L.A . (1998). Wanting it both ways: Do women approve of benevolent sexism? Sex Roles,39(5-6), 333-352.
[49] Kosakowska-Berezecka N., Jurek P., Besta T., & Badowska S . (2017). Self-presentation strategies, fear of success and anticipation of future success among university and high school students. Frontiers in Psychology,8 1884. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01884
[50] Leicht C., Goc?owska M. A., Van Breen J. A., De Lemus. S., & de Moura G. R (2017). Counter-stereotypes and feminism promote leadership aspirations in highly identified women. Frontiers in Psychology,8 883. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00883
[51] Lipowska M., Lipowski M., & Pawlicka P . (2016). “Daughter and son: A completely different story”? Gender as a moderator of the relationship between sexism and parental attitudes. Health Psychology Report,4(3), 224-236.
[52] Macleod C., Marecek J., & Capdevila R . (2014). Feminism & psychology going forward. Feminism and Psychology,24(1), 3-17.
[53] Masser B.., &Abrams D., (2004). Reinforcing the glass ceiling: The consequences of hostile sexism for female managerial candidates. Sex Roles,51(9-10), 609-615.
doi: 10.1007/s11199-004-5470-8
[54] Mosso C., Briante G., Aiello A., & Russo S . (2013). The role of legitimizing ideologies as predictors of ambivalent sexism in young people: Evidence from Italy and the USA. Social Justice Research,26(1), 1-17.
doi: 10.1007/s11211-012-0172-9
[55] Moya M., Glick P., Expósito F., de Lemus S., & Hart J . (2007). It’s for your own good: Benevolent sexism and women’s reactions to protectively justified restrictions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,33(10), 1421-1434.
[56] Monta?és P., Lemus S., Bohner G., Megías J. L., Moya M., & Garcia-Retamero R . (2012). Intergenerational transmission of benevolent sexism from mothers to daughters and its relation to daughters’ academic performance and goals. Sex Roles,66(7-8), 468-478.
doi: 10.1007/s11199-011-0116-0
[57] Negrin L. (2002). Cosmetic surgery and the eclipse of identity. Body & Society,8(4), 21-42.
[58] O’Neil D. A., Hopkins M. M., & Bilimoria D . (2008). Women’s careers at the start of the 21st century: Patterns and paradoxes. Journal of Business Ethics,80(4), 727-743.
doi: 10.1007/s10551-007-9465-6
[59] Overall N. C.&Hammond M.D . (2018). How intimate relationships contribute to gender inequality: Sexist attitudes encourage women to trade-off career success for relationship security. Policy Insights From Behavioral and Brain Sciences,5(1), 40-48.
[60] Patton W. &Mcmahon M., (2014). Career Development and Systems Theory: Connecting Theory and Practice (3nd ed).Boston:Sense Publishers.
[61] Radke H. R. M., Hornsey M. J., & Barlow F. K . (2018). Changing versus protecting the status quo: Why men and women engage in different types of action on behalf of women. Sex Roles, 79( 9-10), 505-518.
[62] Roets A., Hiel A. V., & Dhont K . (2012). Is sexism a gender issue? A motivated social cognition perspective on men's and women's sexist attitudes toward own and other gender. European Journal of Personality,26(3), 350-359.
doi: 10.1002/per.843
[63] Rollero C. &Fedi A., (2014). When benevolence harms women and favours men: The effects of ambivalent sexism on leadership aspiration. Ceskoslovenská Psychologie,58(6), 535-542.
[64] Shnabel N., Baranan Y., Kende A., Bareket O., & Lazar Y . (2016). Help to perpetuate traditional gender roles: Benevolent sexism increases engagement in dependency-oriented cross-gender helping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,110(1), 55-75.
[65] Sibley C.., &Wilson M.S . (2004). Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexist attitudes toward positive and negative sexual female subtypes. Sex Roles,51(11-12), 687-696.
doi: 10.1007/s11199-004-0718-x
[66] Sischo L. &Martin P.Y . (2015). The price of femininity or just pleasing myself? Justifying breast surgery. Gender Issues,32(2), 77-96.
[67] The World Economic Forum . (2018). The global gender gap report 2018. Retrieved December 17, 2018, from
[68] Von Baeyer C. L., Sherk D. L., & Zanna M. P . (1981). Impression management in the job interview: When the female applicant meets the male (chauvinist) interviewer. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,7(1), 45-51.




[1]陈志霞;陈剑峰. 善意和敌意性别偏见及其对社会认知的影响[J]. 心理科学进展, 2007, 15(3): 464-469.





PDF全文下载地址:

http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlkxjz/CN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=4772
相关话题/心理 心理学 四川大学 科学 实验

  • 领限时大额优惠券,享本站正版考研考试资料!
    大额优惠券
    优惠券领取后72小时内有效,10万种最新考研考试考证类电子打印资料任你选。涵盖全国500余所院校考研专业课、200多种职业资格考试、1100多种经典教材,产品类型包含电子书、题库、全套资料以及视频,无论您是考研复习、考证刷题,还是考前冲刺等,不同类型的产品可满足您学习上的不同需求。 ...
    本站小编 Free壹佰分学习网 2022-09-19
  • 1993至2016年医学生心理健康变迁的横断历史研究
    辛素飞1(),姜文源1,辛自强21鲁东大学教育科学学院,烟台2640112中央财经大学社会与心理学院,北京100081收稿日期:2018-09-14出版日期:2019-07-15发布日期:2019-05-22通讯作者:辛素飞E-mail:xinsufei2005@163.com基金资助:*国家社会科 ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2022-01-01
  • 素食的心理过程及影响因素
    刘潇肖1,田启瑞2(),曾雅丽11厦门大学管理学院,厦门3610052山东师范大学心理学院,济南250358收稿日期:2018-08-12出版日期:2019-07-15发布日期:2019-05-22通讯作者:田启瑞E-mail:tianqirui@sdnu.edu.cn基金资助:*国家自然科学基金青 ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2022-01-01
  • 和谐医患关系的心理机制及其促进技术
    孙连荣1,王沛2()1上海师范大学天华学院,上海2018152华东师范大学教育学部特殊教育系,上海200062收稿日期:2018-03-07出版日期:2019-06-15发布日期:2019-04-22通讯作者:王沛E-mail:wangpei1970@163.com基金资助:国家社会科学重大招标项目 ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2022-01-01
  • 风险决策的概率权重偏差:心理机制与优化策略
    孙庆洲,邬青渊,张静,江程铭,赵雷,胡凤培()浙江工业大学管理学院,杭州310023收稿日期:2018-08-23出版日期:2019-05-15发布日期:2019-03-20通讯作者:胡凤培E-mail:fengpei@zjut.edu.cn基金资助:*教育部人文社科青年基金项目(18YJC6301 ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2022-01-01
  • 不道德传染的心理机制及其影响
    王悦1,龚园超1,2,3,李莹1()1郑州大学教育学院,郑州4500012中国科学院心理研究所行为科学重点实验室,北京1001013中国科学院大学心理学系,北京100049收稿日期:2018-06-05出版日期:2019-04-15发布日期:2019-02-22通讯作者:李莹E-mail:liyin ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2022-01-01
  • 揭秘经济管理中的行为异象:心理账户理论的应用启示
    刘培,冯一丹,李爱梅(),刘伟,谢健飞暨南大学管理学院广州510632收稿日期:2018-04-23出版日期:2019-03-15发布日期:2019-01-22通讯作者:李爱梅E-mail:tliaim@jnu.edu.cn基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(71271101);国家自然科学基金项目(7 ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2022-01-01
  • 心理表征的可视化途径:基于噪音的反向相关图像分类技术
    侯春娜1(),刘志军21东北师范大学心理学院,长春1300242长春理工大学社会学系,长春130022收稿日期:2018-07-17出版日期:2019-03-15发布日期:2019-01-22通讯作者:侯春娜E-mail:houcn359@nenu.edu.cn基金资助:教育部人文社会科学研究青年基 ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2022-01-01
  • 回溯式时距估计的动态性及心理机制
    杨莲莲,黄希庭(),刘培朵,岳童西南大学心理学部,重庆400715收稿日期:2018-03-30出版日期:2019-02-15发布日期:2018-12-25通讯作者:黄希庭E-mail:xthuang@swu.edu.cn基金资助:&西南大学重庆市人文社会科学重点研究基地项目“社区领 ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2022-01-01
  • 为何越减越肥?——限制性饮食者过度进食的心理机制及影响因素
    王劭睿1,陈红1,2()1西南大学心理学部2认知与人格教育部重点实验室,重庆400715收稿日期:2018-03-21出版日期:2019-02-15发布日期:2018-12-25通讯作者:陈红E-mail:chenhg@swu.edu.cn基金资助:*国家自然科学基金项目(31771237);中央高 ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2022-01-01
  • 心理韧性及其神经机制:来自非人类动物模型的证据
    刘浩然1,张晨风1,杨莉1,2()1华南师范大学心理学院2华南师范大学脑科学与康复医学研究院,广州510631收稿日期:2017-11-13出版日期:2019-02-15发布日期:2018-12-25通讯作者:杨莉E-mail:yang_li@m.scnu.edu.cn基金资助:*国家自然科学基金( ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2022-01-01