1.Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China 2.Liberation Army 32180, Beijing 100012, China 3.Key Laboratory of Experimental Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, China
Abstract:Nano-scale particle stripping and inspection on silicon wafer are critical issues for Integrated Circuit(IC) manufacture industry. As more new materials are used in IC manufacture, not only particle itself but also its composition should be inspected. Particles are mainly adhered by the van der waals force. One of potential particle desorption method is laser cleaning which is environment friendly. However, the mechanism of laser cleaning is not clear and more studies should be done for laser ablation. In this paper, the kinetic process of nano particle on silicon wafer induced by nanosecond pulsed laser as well as the on-line detection method of particle composition were studied. A potential method of nano particle dynamic analysis and particle composition inspection were presented. A dual nanosecond pulse laser system both wavelengths at 532 nm is designed in which one laser pumps the particles away from wafer surface almost without damage, the other laser breakdowns the particles in air above the wafer surface to obtain the emission lines of the contaminated particles of 300 nm Cu by a spectroscopy with CCD. Particle motion trail in z direction was observed after laser cleaning by analyzing particle spectral features. The particle dynamic model after stripping was established in which the resistance of air collision and gravity were included. And the model parameters were obtained by calculation using experimental results. The initial velocity of particle at the end of laser pulse and the average acceleration during laser interaction were calculated which were 7.6 m/s and 7.6 × 108 m/s2 respectively. The sensitivity of the dual laser system was evaluated which was between 2.1 × 1013 to 5.1 × 1013 atoms/cm2. As result, it is found that the gravity of the particle should not be ignored and the velocity divergence between different stripping particles is existed. The study not only provides a methodology for the study of laser-induced removal of nano particles on the wafer surface and laser induced nano particle dynamics, but also provides a potential method for the inspection of particle composition and pollution source monitoring on line in integrated circuit manufacture process. As the results were not the optimum one and further study should be done in which a better laser power density should be used. Keywords:dynamic model of nano particle/ laser induced breakdown spectroscopy/ laser cleaning/ composition inspection
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2.纳米颗粒运动模型本部分将对清洗激光作用后颗粒运动模型进行建模, 当一定功率密度的脉冲激光照射到硅片表面时, 被照射颗粒将获得一初始加速度并克服范德瓦耳斯力脱离硅片表面, 清洗过程及坐标关系如图1所示. 本实验设激光脉宽为(τ)为10 ns. 假设激光持续照射时间τ内, 范德瓦耳斯力与激光清洗力共同作用的平均加速度为a, 则颗粒在激光作用结束时刻获得瞬时初始速度(v0)为 图 1 激光清洗机理示意图 Figure1. Schematic diagram of laser cleaning mechanism.
当激光击穿颗粒产生等离子体后, 需要利用光谱仪收集信号, 很多研究已经表明, LIBS光谱具有时间演化特性, 激光激发等离子体的起始时刻多为自由电子韧致辐射产生的背景噪声, 相隔一定时间后才会出现信噪比较大的物质光谱信息. 这一特性与所测物质本身和环境相关. 为了确定Cu的激光等离子体演化时间特征, 选用铜板进行LIBS实验研究, 即利用图2中水平入射激光击穿铜板. 选取Cu I 427.3 nm原子发射谱线强度作为等离子体演化分析目标. 结果如图5所示, 在大约1.02 μs处谱线强度达到最大值, 在如下实验中, 光谱仪的采集延时均设置为1.02 μs. 图 5 铜板LIBS时间演化特征 Figure5. Time evolution features of LIBS from copper plate.
34.3.2.DLC与LIBS实验 -->
4.3.2.DLC与LIBS实验
为了降低实验操作难度, 本实验通过固定图2中透镜L2到硅片表面的距离及击穿高度, 改变DLC触发与LIBS触发的延时, 并利用(3)式所建模型来得到颗粒脱离后的运动轨迹. 由于颗粒是在空气环境下被击穿, 因此在等离子体中存在很多来自于空气击穿的谱线, 这些谱线会干扰到Cu实验测量. 图6为纯空气击穿与样品在空气环境中击穿的对比图, 为了避开空气的干扰, Cu I 324.7 nm和I 327.4 nm被选为分析谱线. 图 6 空气与样品的LIBS实验结果 Figure6. LIBS experimental results of air and the sample.