Abstract:Vortex beams with orbital angular momenta with different mode numbers are mutually orthogonal to each other, which makes it possible to improve the information transmission efficiency in space optical communication system. Nevertheless, the implementation of this strategy is limited by the orbital angular momentum crosstalk caused by atmospheric turbulence. Focused Laguerre-Gaussian vortex beams are less affected by atmospheric turbulence due to their lager intensity density. Consequently, focused Laguerre-Gaussian vortex beams can be used as the carriers to reduce the orbit angular momentum crosstalk and increase the channel capacity of information transmission. In this paper, based on the spiral spectrum analysis theory, the analytical expression of spiral spectrum of focused Laguerre Gaussian beam propagating in anisotropic atmospheric turbulence is derived. The influences of turbulence and beam parameters on the received power of focused and unfocused Laguerre Gaussian beam are investigated via numerical calculations. Finally, the multi-phase screen method is used for verificating the simulation. The research findings are as follows. First, with the increase of transmission distance, turbulence intensity and topological charge, the receiving power of orbital angular momentum decreases, that is, the orbital angular momentum crosstalk turns more serious. Second, the larger the turbulence inner-scale, anisotropy index and beam wavelength are, the smaller the orbital angular momentum crosstalk is. Third, when the receiving aperture reaches a certain value, its influence on the orbit angular momentum crosstalk is very small. Fourth, different parameters have different effects on crosstalk, and the orbit angular momentum crosstalk of the focused vortex beam is less than that of the unfocused vortex beam. Therefore, in the vortex optical communication, the focused vortex beams can be used as the signal light to reduce the crosstalk between the orbit angular momentum modes, and thus improving the communication quality. These results have some theoretical reference values for reducing crosstalk in free-space optical communication. Keywords:atmospheric turbulence/ focus vortex beam/ orbital angular momentum crosstalk/ multi-phase screen method
其中, $\rho $, $\phi $分别表示接收平面极坐标中的径向参数和角向参数. $q = 1 + 2{\rm{i}}L/(k{w_0}^2) - L/f$, L为传输距离, L = f. 图1中x表示接收平面上的点离光轴的距离. LG光束聚焦后, 光束尺寸减小, 光强增大, 焦距越短效果越明显. 这是由于聚焦效果与焦距有一定关系, 当瑞利距离远大于焦距f时, 聚焦效果更好. 图 1 聚焦LG光束真空中传输不同距离的光强分布 Figure1. Intensity distribution of the focused LG beam propagating at different distances in vacuum