Fund Project:Project supported by the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students, China (Grant No. 201810528011), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11547017), and the Foundation of Hubei Educational Committee, China (Grant No. B2017162).
Received Date:11 November 2018
Accepted Date:14 December 2018
Available Online:01 March 2019
Published Online:20 March 2019
Abstract:Photonic spin Hall effect is generally described as a spin-dependent splitting. Previous studies have focused on the transverse spin-dependent splitting of light field. In this work, a method of manipulating the longitudinal photonic spin Hall effect which is based on dynamic and Pancharatnam-Berry phase is proposed. The theoretical analysis demonstrates that the lens group consisting of a Pancharatnam-Berry phase lens and a dynamic lens has two spin-dependent foci. Firstly, because Pancharatnam-Berry phase is spin-dependent, the left- and right-handed circularly polarized component can respectively acquire a Pancharatnam-Berry phase with opposite sign when a linearly polarized light beam passes through the Pancharatnam-Berry phase lens with phase retardation ${\text{π}}$. It leads one circularly polarized component to be focused and the other diverged. This is essentially the spin-dependent splitting of light field in momentum space, which is caused by Pancharatnam-Berry phase. And then, an ordinary lens is inserted behind the Pancharatnam-Berry phase lens to introduce a dynamic phase modulation. Due to dynamic phase being spin-independent, the constructed lens group can focus the photons with different spin states at different focal points longitudinally under the appropriate conditions. In other words, the lens group has two spin-dependent focal points. The two focal points split the photons with different spin states in the longitudinal direction. The longitudinal spin-dependent splitting is dependent on the focal lengths of the two lens and the distance between the two lenses. By changing the three parameters, arbitrary longitudinal spin-dependent splitting can be obtained. Lastly, an experimental system is set up to verify the theoretical results. The relationship between the spin-dependent splitting and the distance between the two lenses is measured. By introducing a Glan laser polarizer and a quarter wave-plate, the circularly polarized chirality of the light field at the focal point is also measured. These experimental results are all in good agreement with the theoretical analyses. These results are helpful in understanding the physical origin of photonic spin Hall effect and developing novel photonic devices based on photonic spin Hall effect. Keywords:photonic spin Hall effect/ Pancharatnam-Berry phase/ Jones matrix
这里采用的PB相位透镜的所有微结构均具有相同的相位延迟${\text{π}}$, 也就是说, 这些微结构可以看作是一些微纳米尺度的半波片. 图1(a)给出了基于以上思路设计的PB相位透镜的局域光轴分布示意图. 图 1 (a) PB相位透镜的光轴分布示意图; (b)当线偏振光通过PB相位透镜与普通透镜构成的透镜组时, 不同自旋态光子的光路示意图; (c)实验装置示意图(GLP, 格兰激光偏振镜; PB lens, PB相位透镜; Lens, 普通透镜; QWP, 四分之一波片) Figure1. (a) Schematic illustration of optical axis spatial distribution of the PB phase lens; (b) optical pathway diagram of photon with different spin states when a linearly polarized light beam passes through the lens group consisting of a PB phase lens and a ordinary lens; (c) diagram of experimental setup (GLP, Glan laser polarizer; PB lens, PB phase lens; Lens, ordinary lens, QWP, quarter-wave plate).
其中, $I(\alpha ,\beta )$为CCD测得的光强分布; $\alpha $, $\beta $分别为QWP光轴、GLP2透光方向与$x$轴的夹角. 图3给出了透镜组焦点处光场的归一化斯托克斯参数${s_3} = {S_3}/{S_0}$, 其中${S_0}$为CCD直接在普通透镜后测得的光强分布. 图3(a)和图3(b)分别为第一焦点${F_1}$和第二焦点${F_2}$处的斯托克斯参数. 从图3可以看出: ${F_1}$处斯托克斯参数的值为$ - 1$, 所以此处光场为右旋圆偏振光; ${F_2}$处斯托克斯参数的值为$ + 1$, 所以此处光场为左旋圆偏振光. 实验结果证明了不同自旋态的光子分别聚焦于焦点${F_1}$, ${F_2}$处, 这与前面的理论分析是一致的. 图 3 透镜组焦点处光场的归一化斯托克斯${s_3}$参数 (a)焦点${F_1}$处光场的斯托克斯${s_3}$参数; (b)焦点${F_2}$处光场的斯托克斯${s_3}$参数 Figure3. Normalized Stokes parameter ${s_3}$ of the optical field at the focus: (a) The Stokes parameter ${s_3}$ of the optical field at the focus ${F_1}$; (b) the Stokes parameter ${s_3}$ of the optical field at the focus ${F_2}$.