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不同声音偏好的游客声景观主观评价差异——以丽江大研古镇为例*

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杨玲玲,张捷,徐一帆,陈雪.不同声音偏好的游客声景观主观评价差异——以丽江大研古镇为例*[J].,2020,39(4):625-631
不同声音偏好的游客声景观主观评价差异——以丽江大研古镇为例*
Soundscape subjective evaluation based on tourists’ preference: a case study of Dayan ancient town
投稿时间：2019-09-04修订日期：2020-07-01
中文摘要:
古镇作为集自然景观与人文景观一体的景区，具有丰富的声音类型。本研究以大研古镇为例，通过实地调研探究不同声音偏好的游客对古镇声景观的主观评价差异。基于游客的声音偏好，将游客分为偏爱自然声和偏爱人工声两大类。通过因子分析提取游客声景观主观评价的5个主因子：大小、音质、效价、偏好和唤醒。进一步分析发现，这5个因子具有一定的层级性，其中从大小到唤醒代表声景观评价从声音的物理属性向声音的联想评价逐级提升。其中在低层级评价(大小、音质)中，偏好自然声的游客和偏好人工声的游客无显著差异，低层级评价具有稳定性；而在高层级评价(效价、偏好和唤醒)中，偏好人工声的游客更关注古镇声景观的淳朴性和遗产性。因此，游客对声景观的主观评价可视为一种指标，判断景区声景所处的评价阶段，从而为景区声景观改善提供更有针对性的建议。
英文摘要:
As a scenic spot integrating both natural and cultural landscape, ancient towns have rich sound types. Taking Dayan ancient town for example, this paper explores the differences in the subjective evaluation of soundscape of ancient towns based on tourists’ sound preference. The study finds that tourists’ favorite sounds in Dayan ancient town are water sound, light music in coffee shops and bars, and folk music. According to tourists’ sound preference, tourists are divided into two types: preference for natural sound and preference for anthrophony. Factor analysis is used to extract five main factors of tourists'' subjective evaluation of soundscape: size, quality, valence, preference and arousal. The total variance accounted for 62.36%. Further analysis shows that these five factors have a certain degree of hierarchy, from basic physical attributes to the associative evaluation. Among them, there is no significant difference between tourists in low level evaluation (size, sound quality ), thus low level evaluation is comparatively stable. In terms of high-level evaluation (valence, preference and arousal), tourists who prefer anthrophony pay more attention to the heritage value of Dayan ancient town. Therefore, tourists’ subjective evaluation of soundscape can be regarded as an indicator to judge the evaluation stage of it, so as to provide more targeted suggestions for the improvement of the soundscape in the scenic spots.
DOI：10.11684/j.issn.1000-310X.2020.04.017
中文关键词:声音偏好声景观评价语义细分法评价层级大研古镇
英文关键词:sound preferencesoundscape evaluationsemantic scaleevaluation hierarchyDayan ancient town
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(41571136)（自然声景观的资源分类体系、地理空间结构及评价模型研究）
作者单位E-mail
杨玲玲南京大学地理与海洋科学学院yanglinglingnj@163.com
张捷南京大学地理与海洋科学学院jiezhang@nju.edu.cn
徐一帆南京大学地理与海洋科学学院xuyifan121121@163.com
陈雪南京大学地理与海洋科学学院crystalchen911@163.com
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