Spatiotemporal patterns and influencing factors of rainstorm-induced flood disasters in China
HU Pan,1,2,3,4, CHEN Bo1,2,3,4, SHI Peijun,1,2,3,51. State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing 100875, China 2. Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, MOE, Beijing 100875, China 3. Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management Ministry of Emergency Management & Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China 4. Faculty of Geographical Science, BNU, Beijing 100875, China 5. Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability People's Government of Qinghai Province & Beijing Normal University, Xining 810008, China
Abstract Understanding the influencing factors and controls of rainstorm-induced floods, which have caused tremendous losses of human lives and national economy, is a pressing need for flood risk management in China. Based on the meteorological disaster census data of counties in China, hourly precipitation data at 2420 stations, statistical yearbook, terrain data and other data, the authors (1) investigated the spatiotemporal pattern of flood impacts in China over the period from 1984 to 2007 using trend analysis techniques and (2) explored the driving factors of the spatiotemporal pattern by adopting the geospatial statistical analysis tool (Geodetector). This study considered the spatiotemporal patterns and their interplays among county-level flood impacts (i.e., flood-induced mortality rate, proportion of population affected, and economic loss in percentage), disaster-formative environmental factors (i.e., population density, urban population percentages, average elevation, river density, average slope, and average distance to the seashore), and extreme precipitation characteristics (i.e., annual average volume and duration of extreme rainfall). The results show that: (1) there were no consistent temporal trends of extreme rainfall characteristics over the study period across China. (2) The frequencies of flood disasters in the Yangtze and Pearl rivers and southeast coastal areas increased significantly, but the casualties over these regions decreased. (3) Flood-induced casualties, proportion of population affected and economic loss in percentage increased in Northwest China; and meteorological factors, disaster-formative environment factors such as geographical conditions and social economy, and geographical conditions contribute mostly to the proportion of population affected, flood-induced death and economic loss in percentage. These results indicate that more attention should be paid to improving the flood control capacity of small or medium-sized cities in the inland river basins, especially in Northwest China, and we should recognize the important roles that disaster-formative environment plays in triggering flood losses. Keywords:extreme rainfall;rainstorm-induced flood;flood disaster;spatiotemporal pattern;Geodetector;influencing factor;China
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注:基于自然资源部标准地图服务网站审图号为GS(2019)1786号的标准地图制作,底图无修改;图b中缩写NW为西北内陆河流域、SW为西南诸河流域、YR为黄河流域,YZR为长江流域、PR为珠江流域、SE为东南诸河流域、HUR为淮河流域、HAR为海河流域、LR为辽河流域、SHJ为松花江流域。 Fig. 1Spatial distribution of river streams, elevation, major river basins, slope, population and GDP in China
注:基于自然资源部标准地图服务网站审图号为GS(2019)1786号的标准地图制作,底图无修改。 Fig. 4Distribution of annual cumulative rainstorm amount and annual cumulative rainstorm duration in China
注:基于自然资源部标准地图服务网站审图号为GS(2019)1786号的标准地图制作,底图无修改;阴影为95%置信区间;横坐标竖线表示每次历史洪水发生的时间。 Fig. 5Occurrence rate of flood events in seven geographical regions of China
注:*表示通过0.05水平显著性检验;图中点越大颜色越深表示影响力越强。 Fig. 9Percentages of contribution of nine influencing factors to rainstorm-induced flood disasters in China and their significance (%)
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